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During the examination, you lie still and listen to music. You remain connected to the specialists at all times.",{"_uid":392,"image":393,"title":397,"button":398,"subtitle":399,"component":369,"description":400},"0aaa8344-a87c-487b-b9b6-bbf07c3c968c",{"id":394,"alt":109,"name":109,"focus":109,"title":109,"source":109,"filename":395,"copyright":109,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":396,"is_external_url":14},146341755681337,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/103647/2400x1800/b514a8360a/analysis-of-your-results-4_3.png",{},"Analysis of your results",[],"Step 4","A radiologist analyses your MRI in detail and creates a patient-friendly report based on the images and your health information.",{"_uid":402,"image":403,"title":407,"button":408,"subtitle":409,"component":369,"description":410},"54297a59-94b9-46fa-86f6-e45604dbe6de",{"id":404,"alt":109,"name":109,"focus":109,"title":109,"source":109,"filename":405,"copyright":109,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":406,"is_external_url":14},146341755718202,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/103647/2400x1800/813455de8d/results-via-email-video-consultation-4_3.png",{},"Results via email & video consultation",[],"Step 5","Your examination will then be discussed with the specialist in a separate consultation. There will be room for questions and clearly defined next steps.","How CARE works","slider-section-with-buttons-navigation","no-container","1.23","1.73","3.22",{"_uid":418,"theme":109,"component":186,"mobileSize":187,"tabletSize":188,"desktopSize":189},"ea1f770c-fcd4-4065-85bb-2a26bc411dbf",{"_uid":420,"theme":197,"component":186,"mobileSize":187,"tabletSize":188,"desktopSize":189},"052ed3a8-271f-4d56-a386-b2ae51a7b2c8",{"_uid":422,"theme":197,"title":423,"button":424,"tagline":109,"component":225,"container":226,"description":429,"titleElement":227},"4afaffac-6f8e-4351-a684-b21bd9ab1af6","Included in the\u2028Full Body MRI",[425],{"_uid":426,"link":427,"color":114,"title":428,"customId":109,"component":116},"38b83df4-15c4-44ed-b64a-f3cd9da1e45c",{"id":109,"url":110,"linktype":112,"fieldtype":113,"cached_url":110},"Book test","A whole-body MRI is an excellent way to detect many diseases in their early stages.",{"_uid":431,"theme":197,"component":186,"mobileSize":321,"tabletSize":187,"desktopSize":188},"61c8ba7f-1d81-454f-92b5-7ef02d2a4798",{"_uid":433,"theme":197,"component":434,"categories":435},"28c29ce8-7016-4bd2-8b57-a6b73f802e4c","biomarker-list-section-expanded",[436],{"_uid":437,"icon":438,"items":439,"title":94,"component":465,"textForItemCount":466},"a0c4ca90-db88-4831-86b2-5c8c061811ba","icon-mri",[440,445,449,453,457,461],{"id":109,"_uid":441,"title":442,"component":443,"description":444},"5a215536-53d5-44c4-bf38-9d8f9e09c778","Brain","biomarker-list-item","The MRI of the brain enables a detailed assessment of the brain structure. 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It is less suitable if a person expects a definitive \"all-clear\" or complete cancer detection.\n\nRestrictions may apply in particular in the case of severe claustrophobia, metal parts in the body (e.g. certain implants or foreign bodies) and pacemakers. Important: you can still register in such cases by stating your limitations in the check-out process (we will ask you again explicitly). Your situation will then be assessed individually before the appointment is definitely confirmed. In most cases, a solution can be found - all modern implants and many pacemakers are now MRI-compatible.","For whom is a Full Body MRI useful - and for whom not?","collapsible-card",{"_uid":480,"answer":481,"question":482,"component":478},"76314918-2c06-4c6e-af45-a06bd7f7baa0","No. The Full Body MRI can also be booked independently of the CARE check-up. The more medical information we have about you, the more accurate the interpretation of the MRI images can be and the more logical the recommendations for further steps can be. We therefore recommend a Full Body or Blood Check-up as a useful supplement. Your older check-up data and the answers from your currently completed health questionnaire will of course be available to the radiologist responsible. ","Do I need a CARE Check-up as a supplement?",{"_uid":484,"answer":485,"question":486,"component":478},"1b5864f7-92ec-4836-bed8-706a9169cf92","The discussion of medical findings can currently be conducted in German or English. However, the medical report can also be written in French upon request.","In which language will my consultation take place?",{"_uid":488,"answer":489,"question":490,"component":478},"6b12e583-62e3-4b94-92d1-e57729627834","Abnormal findings are categorised in an understandable way as part of the medical findings discussion. We differentiate between medically harmless incidental findings and findings that should be investigated further. If further steps are recommended, we discuss these transparently and as cautiously as medically justifiable. At the same time, if necessary, preventive recommendations are made on how to deal with certain findings.","What happens if something abnormal is found?",{"_uid":492,"answer":493,"question":494,"component":478},"902caae9-1eb2-4bb9-ab48-0384582ea89c","You should allow about 90 minutes for the entire appointment. In addition to the scan, you will need some time on site for registration, preparation and changing clothes.","How long does the examination take?",{"_uid":496,"answer":497,"question":498,"component":478},"2ca3fc94-3f70-4282-ae9f-6fc6dc6175e2","The process is clearly structured and medically guided — from preparation to the final medical report in your CARE App.\n\n1. Health questionnaire\nAfter booking, you complete the health questionnaire. The information is shared with the responsible Medical Doctor of our radiology partner in compliance with data protection regulations and serves for optimal medical assessment.\n\n2. Appointment scheduling\nOur radiology partner registers you with the radiology institute. The institute will then contact you by phone to confirm your appointment.\n\n3. Preparation for your appointment\nBefore your appointment, you will receive all important information regarding the procedure, preparation, directions, and parking options.\n\n4. MRI scan at the institute\nOn-site, you will be professionally guided through your approximately 90-minute appointment.\n\n5. Medical video consultation\nAfter the examination, our radiology partner schedules a personal Medical Consultation with you, during which your results are carefully discussed and interpreted.\n\n6. 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Compared to markers such as the HOMA index, it is particularly practical as it does not require an insulin measurement that is difficult to utilise and has indicated metabolic risks just as well or better in various studies.",[1048,1054,1059,1065],{"Text":1049,"_uid":1050,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"Optimal","cb542fe6-b602-42a0-b455-eb9b015fce71","#019A08","Linear Subrange","#21660B",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1056,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"Normal","18778bea-35a0-4ebb-b798-54299b6f5515","#3EC114","#298E08",{"Text":1060,"_uid":1061,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"Grenzwertig","3b67cece-5cb6-4193-aed3-a49d10ed8464","#FFB13D","#746600","3",{"Text":1066,"_uid":1067,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"Auffällig","cfd15292-b6e9-4acf-abe7-6898ef78497c","#EE3901","#701B00","4","An increased TyG index can be an indication of reduced insulin sensitivity. This means that the body may need more insulin to keep the blood sugar stable and that the fat metabolism may be impaired at the same time. Elevated values are often associated with a lack of exercise, obesity, an unfavourable diet, elevated triglycerides or elevated fasting blood sugar. A single elevated value is not a diagnosis, but can be an early signal to support the metabolism in a targeted manner and to categorise the risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver or cardiovascular disease in the overall picture.","A low TyG index is usually harmless and generally indicates good insulin sensitivity and favourable fasting levels of glucose and triglycerides. Very low values can occur when triglycerides or glucose are particularly low, for example due to diet, intensive physical activity or certain medications.",{"id":1074,"_uid":1075,"name":1076,"effects":1077,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1078,"description":1076,"faqs_shared":1082,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1083,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1084,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1076,"linearSubrangeNames":1085,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"HIV","04097af7-a323-4827-8895-9b3498a0422f","HIV Screening",[],[1079,1080,1081],"f1612086-4acb-4d25-8cce-6c0f9253c8df","6ef24f3b-fde5-4e0f-826a-93ef6d0f0a01","ac36b762-484d-4ee0-8b58-cb629100f7d8",[],[],[],[],{"id":1087,"_uid":1075,"name":1088,"effects":1089,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1090,"description":1088,"faqs_shared":1091,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1092,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1093,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1088,"linearSubrangeNames":1094,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"SYPH","Syphilis-Screening",[],[1079,1080],[],[],[],[],{"id":1096,"_uid":1075,"name":1097,"effects":1098,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1099,"description":1097,"faqs_shared":1100,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1101,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1102,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1097,"linearSubrangeNames":1103,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"HEPC","Hepatitis C-Screening",[],[1079],[],[],[],[],{"id":1105,"_uid":1075,"name":1106,"effects":1107,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1108,"description":1106,"faqs_shared":1109,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1110,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1111,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1106,"linearSubrangeNames":1112,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"HEPB","Hepatitis B-Screening",[],[1079],[],[],[],[],{"id":1114,"_uid":1075,"name":1115,"effects":1116,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1117,"description":1115,"faqs_shared":1119,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1120,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1121,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1115,"linearSubrangeNames":1122,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"CHLA","C. trachomatis PCR",[],[1079,1080,1118],"8046e2ab-750d-45c9-beae-96ab4fa96e11",[],[],[],[],{"id":1124,"_uid":1075,"name":1125,"effects":1126,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1127,"description":1125,"faqs_shared":1128,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1129,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1130,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1125,"linearSubrangeNames":1131,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"GONO","N. Gonorrhoea PCR",[],[1079,1118,1080],[],[],[],[],{"id":1133,"_uid":1134,"name":1135,"effects":1136,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1137,"treatment":109,"categories":1138,"description":1140,"faqs_shared":1141,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1142,"relativeOrder":1064,"subBiomarkers":1143,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1144,"linearSubrangeNames":1145,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1158,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1159,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"NHDL","305f629d-c23e-459d-a30e-29ac0d685d5f","Non-HDL-Cholesterol",[],"Non-HDL",[1139],"500e73fe-6d02-4637-867a-7ec175708133","Non-HDL cholesterol includes all forms of cholesterol in the blood that damage the blood vessels - it is another marker for assessing cardiovascular risk. However, unlike the other markers, it plays a secondary role.",[],[],[],"Non-HDL cholesterol is a calculated value:\nIt results from total cholesterol minus the \"good\" HDL cholesterol. This means that non-HDL contains all the cholesterol that is not part of the \"good\" HDL - i.e. mainly LDL, but also other lipoproteins.\nIn comparison with apolipoprotein B, it tends to contain more cholesterol, but is somewhat less precise in defining the number of particles that behave in a vascular-damaging (atherogenic) manner.\nTwo people can therefore have the same non-HDL value - i.e. the same amount of cholesterol in harmful particles - but different numbers of individual particles themselves.\nThe guidelines recommend first meeting the primary target ranges for LDL and apoB before doing so for non-HDL.",[1146,1149,1151,1153,1155],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1148,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"Borderline","c0ab22fc-7eac-4f02-b153-84dab3bfad19",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1150,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"4fdac890-cae7-4228-9ae1-bd52c3a91d74",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1152,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"b17b7ff4-331d-4efb-b4a8-7ff8db7728ba",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1154,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8ba04c2b-54a5-42f6-8276-ead4474107e7",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1157,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"At risk","0d74d5b3-1654-4756-809c-6eb2844f0f7a","A low non-HDL value indicates that only a few vascular-damaging lipoproteins are present in the blood. This is favourable and desirable from a preventive point of view. Clinically relevant problems due to low values usually do not require further clarification.","High non-HDL cholesterol levels mean more or less the same as elevated LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B levels and are therefore often elevated at the same time.\nThe causes and targets also largely coincide with those of the other two blood values.","**Almost there!**\nThe value is already considered normal, but optimum values can be achieved here.",{"id":1162,"_uid":1163,"name":1164,"effects":1165,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1164,"treatment":109,"categories":1197,"description":1198,"faqs_shared":1199,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1200,"relativeOrder":354,"subBiomarkers":1201,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1202,"linearSubrangeNames":1203,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1216,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1217,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"GLUN","a1ddd29f-6e74-453c-810e-496938e807ae","Fasting Sugar Level",[1166,1172,1177,1182,1187,1192],{"_uid":1167,"icon":1168,"effect":1170,"component":1171},"238ce886-65be-4ab9-9da1-f546099efbe2",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1169},{},"Increased thirst","biomarker-component-effects",{"_uid":1173,"icon":1174,"effect":1176,"component":1171},"30d7f267-439c-4e37-9fe4-922553623590",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1175},{},"Frequent urination",{"_uid":1178,"icon":1179,"effect":1181,"component":1171},"288911ff-cc78-4145-aedf-89ebe5a38601",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1180},{},"Fatigue",{"_uid":1183,"icon":1184,"effect":1186,"component":1171},"9067a029-ca66-4dc7-acb9-4ffa592cf4a0",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1185},{},"Blurred vision",{"_uid":1188,"icon":1189,"effect":1191,"component":1171},"a26ba9e1-8c3e-4386-b167-73baad26376f",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1190},{},"Slow healing of sores or cuts",{"_uid":1193,"icon":1194,"effect":1196,"component":1171},"7b45d6d8-c909-4258-8b9d-53af9a6d25e8",{"id":521,"alt":521,"name":109,"focus":521,"title":521,"source":521,"filename":109,"copyright":521,"fieldtype":128,"meta_data":1195},{},"Frequent infections",[1041],"Fasting blood sugar (fasting glucose) measures the blood sugar level after at least 8 hours without food and is used to assess glucose metabolism.",[],[],[],"The fasting blood sugar level is a simple and important test for the early detection of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. It shows how well the body handles sugar at rest (e.g., overnight) and how effectively the insulin system has worked to remove sugar from the blood. Normal values are below 5.6 mmol/L. Values between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L are considered borderline (impaired fasting glucose), and a level of 7.0 mmol/L or higher is, by definition, considered diabetes. This value is used alongside HbA1c for a comprehensive assessment of glucose metabolism.\n",[1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1205,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"888f0e91-48b6-43fd-844c-0aff364a33cc",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1207,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e0af02f9-bbd3-4bac-8b7b-e412c3c4df6a",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1209,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"2e1cecba-9ba4-4279-bf9b-fe3a13cf3e1f",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1211,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"2fe4a5ec-c09b-4ca8-8436-c771e47c48bd",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1213,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"68c30bc6-ab3f-4329-800f-d356c4dd206d",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1215,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"c3be9993-674f-4d56-a558-1a9483848571","A low fasting blood sugar level can indicate that the body is producing too much insulin or that glucose uptake has been disrupted by medication, stress, or rare metabolic disorders. Hypoglycemia in healthy individuals is quite rare and should be rechecked in such cases.\n","An elevated fasting blood sugar level indicates that the body’s glucose regulation is no longer functioning optimally. This can be an early sign of insulin resistance caused by excess weight or a prolonged imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and sleep often play a central role. Timely changes in these areas can help stabilize glucose metabolism in the long term.\n\nAn elevated value often appears alongside other factors like abdominal obesity, low HDL levels, high triglycerides, blood pressure, uric acid, liver and ferritin levels, as well as signs of low-grade inflammation (CRP), and is part of the so-called metabolic syndrome.\n\nIn some cases, a temporarily elevated value may occur if, for example, someone ate a very high-energy meal the night before, slept poorly, or experienced stress before the blood draw in the morning.\n",{"id":1219,"_uid":1163,"name":1220,"effects":1221,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1219,"treatment":109,"categories":1223,"description":1225,"faqs_shared":1226,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1227,"subBiomarkers":1228,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1229,"linearSubrangeNames":1230,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"DHEAS","DHEA-S",[],"3189dd33-bfd3-4593-951c-37175c9af629",[1222,1224],"079f5baf-46ca-4bb8-b1ae-31468799900d","DHEA-S is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and a precursor of male sex hormones. It influences energy, mood, skin, libido, and hormonal balance—especially in women.",[],[],[],"DHEA-S is primarily produced in the adrenal cortex and is the stable storage form of the hormone DHEA. In the body, it serves as a precursor for the production of androgens (such as testosterone) and, to a lesser extent, estrogens.\n\nA balanced DHEA-S level supports vitality, stress resilience, muscle strength, skin regeneration, bone density, and sexual well-being in women. As we age, the body’s natural production declines significantly, which may be associated with reduced energy, mood instability, and decreased performance.\n\nElevated levels may indicate increased androgen production—such as in PCOS or rare adrenal disorders. Symptoms include menstrual irregularities, acne, oily skin, or increased body hair. Significantly low DHEA-S levels can suggest adrenal insufficiency or reduced androgen synthesis, which may present as fatigue, low libido, reduced muscle strength, or depressive moods.\n\nDHEA-S is not cycle-dependent and can be measured at any time during the menstrual cycle. It is mainly used for a more precise diagnosis and to better understand hormonal imbalances.",[1231,1233,1235,1237,1239],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1232,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ebd9694c-28b1-4220-9f14-1dbf0748a471",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1234,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"cb67d7e7-03f3-4c86-9310-3175713320dd",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1236,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"caa579c9-c9b6-44a5-addf-3737495cd734",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1238,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"47868e98-1d76-421a-8a9c-8180d12eb6c5",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1240,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"318d8fdb-c0ca-4ade-a441-572ad5193a00",{"id":1242,"_uid":1243,"name":1244,"effects":1245,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1246,"treatment":109,"categories":1247,"description":1248,"faqs_shared":1249,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1250,"subBiomarkers":1251,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1248,"linearSubrangeNames":1252,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"SSS","c083b867-561c-4810-958c-b6efb0a48f38","Spirometry",[],"SPI",[],"-",[],[],[],[],{"id":1254,"_uid":1255,"name":1256,"effects":1257,"category":1258,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1256,"treatment":109,"categories":1259,"description":1260,"faqs_shared":1261,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1262,"subBiomarkers":1263,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1264,"linearSubrangeNames":1265,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"PRGS","d8366331-cab4-4b66-8188-28cf2a299545","Progesterone",[],"1cf22c75-88a2-474a-9090-0a560521f9f1",[1258,1224],"Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced after ovulation. It stabilizes the menstrual cycle, supports a potential pregnancy, and has calming, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects on many body systems.",[],[],[],"Progesterone is produced in the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary. It prepares the uterine lining for possible implantation and ensures a stable cycle. Measuring progesterone in the late cycle phase helps determine whether ovulation has occurred. Low levels may indicate luteal phase deficiency, which can be associated with PMS, a short luteal phase, or infertility.\n\nBeyond its role in reproduction, progesterone has a calming effect on the nervous system, improves sleep, protects against estrogen dominance, and supports the health of mucous membranes and bones. It also has a balancing effect on the immune system. A healthy progesterone level is therefore essential not only for fertility but also for hormonal balance and the preventive protection of many organ systems.",[1266,1268,1270,1272],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1267,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"3f5d4b63-44e5-4414-92ad-905195c5c0e5",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1269,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"14c30801-feef-4cd2-9dd5-acb073423c40",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1271,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"5bbc6628-5245-4f94-a69d-0887f764e74d",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1273,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"f8f132c5-2fdd-4cc2-843b-4fdc5ee3d5fb",{"id":1275,"_uid":1276,"name":1277,"effects":1278,"category":1279,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1280,"description":1281,"faqs_shared":1282,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1283,"subBiomarkers":1289,"longDescription":1290,"linearSubrangeNames":1291,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"HG","b818d004-3472-44cb-94c2-9016851e4097","Mercury exposure",[],"2e9f89e5-41b5-4423-8c68-46a5011e657e",[1279],"Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal and the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Blood testing detects the chronic exposure to various mercury compounds.",[],[1284],{"_uid":1285,"name":1286,"component":1287,"description":1288},"40e8ce2e-5ccf-4c10-bad8-196f79cb6c4a","Mercury poisoning","biomarker-component-risk-factor","Mercury poisoning typically occurs when small amounts are ingested over an extended period. This can damage the central nervous system and lead to symptoms such as tremors, increased irritability, behavioral changes, and short-term memory impairments. High mercury exposure can also result in seizures and paralysis. Unborn babies and young children are particularly vulnerable as it can impact their cognitive development. Sweating aids in the elimination of mercury. A sauna session enables access to substances stored in the body's tissues that cannot be filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine, allowing them to be expelled through sweat. Sweating, whether through activities like sauna use or endurance sports, can help remove mercury from the body through the skin when other processes like kidney filtration are insufficient. However, the effectiveness of this process may depend on factors like your overall health and the type of mercury involved.",[],"Mercury comes in various forms. Elemental mercury was formerly used in thermometers and easily vaporizes from free drops. Inhaling such vapors causes mercury to enter the bloodstream and distribute throughout the body. Elemental mercury is also present in dental fillings made of amalgam and can be released from them and inhaled. However, if ingested, elemental mercury is harmless as it is not absorbed by the digestive tract but is eliminated unchanged. Energy-efficient light bulbs also contain a small amount of elemental mercury for functional reasons. Elemental mercury can combine with other substances in the environment. Such mercury compounds are readily absorbed by the body, especially when ingested, and enter the bloodstream. They primarily accumulate in fish and are transmitted to humans through the food chain. Mercury poisoning typically develops when small amounts are consumed over an extended period, potentially damaging the central nervous system.",[1292,1294,1296],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1293,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c8e4df9c-71d6-4211-ad70-a6d56451cfc3",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1295,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"bfe7d08b-7a8a-47b3-b3d3-8a4b1df53598",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1297,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ac5e0ac8-65af-4e0a-b91b-f6ceeffe54d3",{"id":1299,"_uid":1300,"name":1301,"effects":1302,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1303,"treatment":109,"categories":1304,"description":1305,"faqs_shared":1306,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1307,"subBiomarkers":1308,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1309,"linearSubrangeNames":1310,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"EEE","f17fdcf9-b685-4ea0-bf5a-04e464d8ee0c","Electrocardiogram",[],"ECG",[],"An electrocardiogram is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart to assess heart health and diagnose various conditions.",[],[],[],"An Electrocardiogram records the heart's electrical activity through small electrodes placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. An ECG is used to diagnose various conditions, including heart attack, abnormal heart rhythms, and heart damage due to reduced blood flow. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for certain heart conditions and to assess the overall health of the heart. An ECG is a safe and non-invasive test.",[],{"id":1312,"_uid":1313,"name":1314,"effects":1315,"category":1316,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1317,"description":1318,"faqs_shared":1319,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1320,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1323,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1335,"linearSubrangeNames":1336,"whatDoesLowValueMean":109,"whatDoesHighValueMean":109,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BCS","5c430c08-b287-4dab-8047-be3d8981345a","Body Score",[],"5ff91f78-5e01-4c22-acd2-d76c46ec2545",[1316],"The Body Composition Score is a reflection of the overall evaluation of your body composition",[],[1321],{"_uid":1322,"name":109,"component":1287,"description":109},"3adb0a0e-d509-47e2-9a40-61dab33d2e2c",[1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1332,1333,1334],"5a1c59e8-6baa-4f9a-844b-cf48546f0287","17582ac5-c450-4ded-9fb6-c9bca6382c35","a2a0c6c1-8ad3-4cd3-b7e7-7a0f4349aa9d","0ba9e6c2-60f3-4277-96f8-4255c7bc3298","71d60c50-04d4-473d-88b9-33003370a1b0","58e4d605-dd06-4fbe-b841-c810aee4c8c4","0a914de7-aaa6-4c8c-8ea4-4710fd7fa342","67994594-588e-427c-9e3c-fdd158715ae9","4fc6fdba-0004-4f85-aa48-b9da810d0356","3c2d7d09-ef92-4a18-b9e8-accd6741eea8","bbab3d68-0260-4ad7-b03c-97b4acc9c94c","The Body Composition Score measures what percentage of your weight is distributed between fat, water and muscles. Score can be improved by correctly balancing this distribution and keep it proportional for different body parts.",[1337,1340,1343,1346],{"Text":1338,"_uid":1339,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"Weak","d9237b2a-cae6-46e3-8b01-381ca8cf022c",{"Text":1341,"_uid":1342,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064}," OK","9a02b919-d646-4432-884a-cbe7bec29941",{"Text":1344,"_uid":1345,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"Good","fd08c0a2-d717-467e-90c9-b6fb9036cbc4",{"Text":1347,"_uid":1348,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"Top","328deea2-1c6c-410a-8f91-7e84f3b3fee8",{"id":1350,"_uid":1351,"name":1352,"effects":1353,"category":1279,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1354,"description":1355,"faqs_shared":1356,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1357,"subBiomarkers":1362,"longDescription":1363,"linearSubrangeNames":1364,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"PB","6db97c17-61df-4068-bb51-2c98b654f09d","Lead exposure",[],[1279],"Lead is a heavy metal and is known for its toxicity. Lead poisoning can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, and blood. Children are especially vulnerable due to their developing nervous system.",[],[1358],{"_uid":1359,"name":1360,"component":1287,"description":1361},"b95fa0f7-31d9-4f31-aa9d-f503ac0eb10b","Lead poisoning","Lead poisoning is typically a gradual process that affects many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, blood, digestive system, and reproductive organs. Children are especially vulnerable because lead inflicts the most damage to developing nervous systems. Symptoms often commence with non-specific signs like headaches, irritability, fatigue, and reduced appetite. Lead poisoning inhibits enzymes responsible for blood and hemoglobin production, leading to anemia characterized by pale skin. Strong abdominal pain, lasting up to 10 days, is common, accompanied by neurological issues such as arm weakness and behavioral changes. Occasionally, kidney damage may also occur. Nowadays, acute lead poisoning, characterized by elevated blood lead levels, is rare and results in acute destruction of red blood cells and brain damage. Symptoms in such cases are more pronounced in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system (insomnia, dizziness, muscle tremors and seizures, even epileptic seizures), and the kidneys compared to chronic poisoning.",[],"Lead is a heavy metal and is known for its toxicity. Lead can be found everywhere in the environment. It enters the body through the air we breathe and the food we consume, posing a risk to our health. Laws and certain guidelines typically ensure low and safe levels of lead exposure. Lead can enter the environment through volcanic eruptions, erosion, and industrial processes. Humans inevitably absorb this lead in the form of lead compounds through the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Lead poisoning develops as lead accumulates in the body, typically over months or years. Even tiny amounts of lead can result in significant health issues. Children under the age of 6 are particularly susceptible, and lead poisoning can have a profound impact on their mental and physical growth. In extreme cases, lead poisoning can be fatal. The most common cause of lead poisoning is the ingestion or consumption of lead-containing substances, especially in children living in older homes with peeling lead paint on the walls or lead pipes. Renovation work that involves sanding or scraping paint can also pose a risk. Lead-contaminated water pipes and containers contribute to the exposure. Other sources include lead-based ceramic glazes, homemade alcohol with lead content, lead objects in the stomach or tissues, occupational exposures, and certain ethnic cosmetics or herbal products. Legal bans in the United States and other countries have reduced lead poisoning, but it remains a significant health risk in certain cities.",[1365,1367,1369],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1366,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"d58f05b5-f0e6-4dd2-ad4b-0069c41c8a29",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1368,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"f31c3cf4-b9c7-4dab-af86-c5fb777bb99e",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1370,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"01f6d596-de54-4b21-abbc-d7676c84823f",{"id":1372,"_uid":1373,"name":1374,"effects":1375,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1376,"description":1377,"faqs_shared":1378,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1379,"subBiomarkers":1380,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1381,"linearSubrangeNames":1382,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BPD","ad8ee516-e9a4-4156-9fad-e08e03a43db5","Blood Pressure - Diastolic",[],[],"The diastolic blood pressure represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats.",[],[],[],"Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. It is expressed in terms of two numbers: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure is the lower number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats.",[1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1384,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"f53683c2-c70d-4912-b696-a60719036088",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1386,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"656fab8e-c6d5-48e5-9700-be0316736b5d",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1388,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"553a0c16-3e5c-47c3-bc68-b93aaebd3a62",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1390,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"17ec3e2e-06e6-415c-bd97-653f6673730e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1392,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"71075021-37e0-4480-aecf-2d154a5b7de4",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1394,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7b48d86a-e13e-4677-bc25-9b83a79991a1",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1396,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8df4804a-0f18-4702-b6a5-af00a0cc870e",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1398,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"839716fa-66f8-4cb7-8b4f-fad2d4a5e29f",{"id":1400,"_uid":1401,"name":1402,"effects":1403,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1405,"description":1406,"faqs_shared":1407,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1408,"subBiomarkers":1413,"longDescription":1414,"linearSubrangeNames":1415,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"Q10C","703c481d-31c5-46b1-9397-afac4a7f66bd","Coenzym Q10",[],"49a86933-e671-4216-ad4e-aebf599c81c5",[1404],"Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring compound in the body and certain foods, essential for cellular energy production and functioning as an antioxidant.",[],[1409],{"_uid":1410,"name":1411,"component":1287,"description":1412},"73352c41-d51a-4bcc-8279-ed0817c3f9d8","Disruptions in the respiratory chain and increased oxidative stress","A deficiency in coenzyme Q10 can lead to disruptions in the respiratory chain and contribute to increased oxidative stress. CoQ10 plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells. When there is a lack of CoQ10, it can impair the cells' ability to efficiently produce energy. These disruptions in the respiratory chain can lead to a disturbed energy metabolism and promote the formation of free radicals, which cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can damage cells and tissues and is associated with various health problems, including heart diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.",[],"Coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble, naturally occurring compound found in most cells (primarily in mitochondria) and in many foods. It is a vital coenzyme, meaning it assists enzymes in various biochemical reactions within cells. CoQ10 has two major roles within the human body: It is particularly important in the process of areobic cellular energy production (i.e., ATP), as it plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, which are the energy-producing organelles in cells. Furthermore, Coenzyme Q10 acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. It is also believed to have potential benefits for heart health, as it may help improve the function of blood vessels and support overall cardiovascular function. The human body can produce Coenzyme Q10 on its own, while approximately three to five milligrams are consumed daily through diet. However, absorption depends on dietary habits and the intestinal absorption capacity. Q10 can be found in oily fish such as sardines and mackerel, nuts like pistachios, organ meats like liver, legumes, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, potatoes, and spinach. It is also present in sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, and high-quality, organically produced vegetable oils. Heating can reduce the content of bioavailable Q10. CoQ10 is available in dietary supplements and is sometimes used as a supplement to support various health conditions, such as heart disease, hypertension, and certain neurological disorders. However, its effectiveness for these purposes is still a topic of ongoing research. CoQ10 deficiency may be caused by one or more of the following: insufficient dietary intake, impairment of CoQ10 biosynthesis, poor gastrointestinal absorption, and/or excessive utilization of CoQ10 by the body.",[1416,1418,1420,1422,1424],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1417,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"a24d7c12-5600-44b7-97dc-a5e1d0e2e540",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1419,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8574ea6f-cb44-420a-b3ec-358c4a338af3",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1421,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"04353596-0579-4e8a-a671-897178855aa9",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1423,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"6bfdb1d3-45db-481b-8863-303b048dd233",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1425,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"86a04a6b-6c79-4302-9e4f-5d3a27fc3968",{"id":1427,"_uid":1428,"name":1429,"effects":1430,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1431,"description":1432,"faqs_shared":1433,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1434,"subBiomarkers":1435,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1436,"linearSubrangeNames":1437,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BPS","aa964088-884b-4614-a302-4b2ad7473f5c","Blood Pressure - Systolic",[],[],"Systolic blood pressure is the measure of the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood through the body.",[],[],[],"Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. It is expressed in terms of two numbers: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure is the higher of the two numbers and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, or beats, to pump blood.",[1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1439,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"eb742542-2ee5-4c0b-a825-4883d5584aef",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1441,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"fc8c63b2-a075-4bbf-a8d2-6fcfff402727",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1443,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"84c6f1ee-0e7e-4296-81c4-cbaee928ecb0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1445,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"7f26a472-ab08-4923-8117-23e9015ae6d1",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1447,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"83a9f8a6-7894-4f0d-bbc8-4f1b69fd5d9d",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1449,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"cce41502-4e42-4058-8744-509e0d4c33e8",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1451,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"f327c2a7-e1f8-4c8d-be37-5a8a74b91293",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1453,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"964ebfe3-3f3f-4a80-9fee-b620f06dada8",{"id":1455,"_uid":1313,"name":1456,"effects":1457,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1456,"treatment":109,"categories":1458,"description":1459,"faqs_shared":1460,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1461,"subBiomarkers":1463,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1464,"deprecatedFields":109,"linearSubrangeNames":1465,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"Vo2Max","VO2 Max",[],[],"VO2 Max is how quickly you can take oxygen from the air into your lungs, get it into your blood, deliver it to your muscles that provide the energy to move you. ",[],[1462],{"_uid":1322,"name":109,"component":1287,"description":109},[],"In simple terms, VO2 Max is the size of your engine. It tells you how quickly you can take oxygen from the air into your lungs, get it into your blood, deliver it to your muscles, and ultimately utilise it in the metabolic processes that provide the energy to move you. Technically speaking, VO2 Max is a unit of measurement for the maximum possible oxygen intake in your body and is an excellent marker for assessing the functionality and health of the cardiovascular system. In endurance sports, it can be used to monitor training progress.",[1466,1469,1472,1474,1475,1478],{"Text":1467,"_uid":1339,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1468},"Very poor","6",{"Text":1470,"_uid":1342,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1471},"Poor","5",{"Text":1473,"_uid":1345,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":1070},"Fair",{"Text":1344,"_uid":1348,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1476,"_uid":1477,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":354},"Excellent","55e67ea4-ae78-4375-ab0d-df1d1fdeefce",{"Text":1479,"_uid":1480,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"Superior","68b9b00a-e372-46f1-9601-cffef28dd6b3",{"id":1482,"_uid":1483,"name":1484,"effects":1485,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1486,"description":1487,"faqs_shared":1488,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1489,"subBiomarkers":1494,"longDescription":1495,"linearSubrangeNames":1496,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"MK7","99ce2d07-28a4-4b6e-86bf-bd48fdae5906","Vitamin K2 (MK-7)",[],[1404],"Vitamin K2 is a vital fat-soluble nutrient that plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism, closely impacting bone health and cardiovascular function. Additionally, it is essential for the effective utilization of Vitamin D in the body. There are several forms of vitamin K2, with MK-7 (menaquinone-7) and MK-4 (menaquinone-4) being two important subtypes. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) is primarily derived from fermented foods, especially natto, a traditional Japanese soybean dish. It is also found in smaller amounts in cheese and other fermented products.",[],[1490],{"_uid":1491,"name":1492,"component":1287,"description":1493},"b62f494e-5f33-4210-aec2-304326fe452a","Bone Health and Arterial Calcification","Vitamin K2 is crucial for directing calcium into the bones and teeth. A deficiency may contribute to decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Other studies suggest that a lack of vitamin K2 may contribute to arterial calcification, potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular problems.",[],"Vitamin K2, also known as Menaquinone, is a vital fat-soluble nutrient that plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism, closely impacting bone health and cardiovascular function. MK-7 refers to menaquinone-7, a specific form of vitamin K2.\n\nSmooth functioning of this vitamin requires close collaboration with Vitamin D. Vitamin K2 contributes to preventing calcium from depositing in blood vessels and instead facilitates its incorporation into bones (and teeth), where it is essential for maintaining bone density. A deficiency of Vitamin K2 typically accompanies a Vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency hinders calcium incorporation into bones and instead promotes vascular calcification. Therefore, Vitamin K2, especially when combined with Vitamin D, has a positive impact on the cardiovascular system and helps prevent the accumulation of excess calcium in soft tissues, thereby preserving blood vessel elasticity. Scientific studies confirm this synergistic effect of Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases.\n\nFermented foods are one of the richest sources of Vitamin K2 MK-7 due to the action of certain bacteria during the fermentation process. Examples include natto (a traditional Japanese dish made from fermented soybeans, which contains very high levels of MK-7), sauerkraut, miso, and certain types of cheese (such as Gouda and Brie). Among these, natto is particularly rich in Vitamin K2 MK-7. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) has a longer half-life compared to MK-4, meaning it stays in the body longer and can be effective at lower, less frequent doses. That's why Vitamin K2 in the form of MK-7 is often combined with Vitamin D3, ensuring optimal synergy.",[1497,1499,1501,1503],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1498,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"795811a4-f0bd-443f-bc83-3813fbe44673",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1500,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"fe109e8f-87ed-46e0-b615-8f4364a06951",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1502,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"eab67d8d-3c86-4809-bf9c-fe02879dad98",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1504,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"790fddd9-9c42-4faf-bd35-98b59e3fae0c",{"id":1506,"_uid":1483,"name":1507,"effects":1508,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1509,"description":1510,"faqs_shared":1511,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1512,"subBiomarkers":1516,"longDescription":1517,"linearSubrangeNames":1518,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"VITKE","Vitamin K1",[],[1404],"Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and adipose tissue. It can be found in plant-based products and it helps the body produce certain substances that are important for blood clotting.",[],[1513],{"_uid":1491,"name":1514,"component":1287,"description":1515},"Impaired Blood Clotting","A lack of vitamin K1 can result in various health issues, primarily related to impaired blood clotting. This deficiency reduces the ability to form blood clots, leading to increased bleeding and easy bruising. In severe cases, a vitamin K1 deficiency can even lead to uncontrolled bleeding, known as hemorrhage, which can be especially dangerous when it occurs internally, such as in the gastrointestinal tract or the brain. Vitamin K1, along with Vitamin K2, also plays a role in maintaining bone health by helping to regulate calcium balance. Inadequate vitamin K1 levels may contribute to reduced bone mineral density and raise the risk of developing osteoporosis.",[],"Vitamin K1, also referred to as phylloquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin stored in the liver and adipose tissue. Derived from the diet, it is primarily abundant in fruits and green vegetables. K1 plays a crucial role in blood clotting by activating the clotting factor prothrombin in the liver.",[1519,1521,1523,1525],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1520,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"adf98392-1598-458e-8193-dd64a360a752",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1522,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"08783ee7-a037-48e2-9c19-8d52b1818b24",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1524,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"58956d0b-63b1-481a-ae12-9bdedbc705b9",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1526,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2b7a7831-f25e-4739-8919-359105b9c140",{"id":1528,"_uid":1483,"name":1529,"effects":1530,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1531,"description":1532,"faqs_shared":1533,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1534,"subBiomarkers":1536,"longDescription":1537,"linearSubrangeNames":1538,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"MK4","Vitamin K2 (MK-4) (VK)",[],[1404],"Vitamin K2 is a vital fat-soluble nutrient that plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism, closely impacting bone health and cardiovascular function. Additionally, it is essential for the effective utilization of Vitamin D in the body. There are several forms of vitamin K2, with MK-4 (menaquinone-4) and MK-7 (menaquinone-7) being two important subtypes. Vitamin K2 (MK-4) is commonly found in animal products, such as meat, eggs, and dairy.",[],[1535],{"_uid":1491,"name":1492,"component":1287,"description":1493},[],"Vitamin K2, also known as Menaquinone, is a vital fat-soluble nutrient that plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism, closely impacting bone health and cardiovascular function. MK-4 refers to menaquinone-4, a specific form of vitamin K2. Smooth functioning of this vitamin requires close collaboration with Vitamin D. Vitamin K2 contributes to preventing calcium from depositing in blood vessels and instead facilitates its incorporation into bones (and teeth), where it is essential for maintaining bone density. A deficiency of Vitamin K2 typically accompanies a Vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency hinders calcium incorporation into bones and instead promotes vascular calcification. Therefore, Vitamin K2, especially when combined with Vitamin D, has a positive impact on the cardiovascular system and helps prevent the accumulation of excess calcium in soft tissues, thereby preserving blood vessel elasticity. Scientific studies confirm this synergistic effect of Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin K2 (MK-4) is naturally found in animal products, such as meat, eggs, and dairy. Under certain conditions, it can also be produced by intestinal bacteria, provided that the gut flora is healthy. MK-4 has a relatively short half-life in the body, meaning it is quickly metabolized and excreted. This short half-life necessitates frequent intake to maintain optimal vitamin K2 levels in the body.",[1539,1541,1543,1545],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1540,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ed66129e-8bdf-4c3e-89aa-9d2c11bc21b2",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1542,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"0b4d2952-4dfa-4988-a78a-76228e0dbeef",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1544,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e5a7b1d4-c8bf-4931-b0a2-55e5a5c508a2",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1546,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8a3df1ff-4546-4e2f-b93e-1dc7e5cf2856",{"id":1548,"_uid":1483,"name":1549,"effects":1550,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1551,"description":1552,"faqs_shared":1553,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1554,"subBiomarkers":1556,"longDescription":1557,"linearSubrangeNames":1558,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"VK2B","ucOsteocalcin (Vitamin K2 Status)",[],[1404],"High levels of ucOsteocalcin indicate a deficiency in vitamin K2. Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in regulating calcium metabolism in the body and is necessary for the proper functioning of Vitamin D. It is closely associated with bone health and the cardiovascular system.",[],[1555],{"_uid":1491,"name":1492,"component":1287,"description":1493},[],"Osteocalcin, a protein primarily present in bones and tooth enamel, plays a vital role in bone metabolism and blood sugar level regulation. Vitamin K2 is crucial for carboxylating osteocalcin, converting undercarboxylated \"uc\" osteocalcin into its active form. Inadequate vitamin K2 supply reduces the carboxylation of osteocalcin, leading to elevated levels of ucOsteocalcin, indicating a deficiency in vitamin K2.\n\nVitamin K2, also known as Menaquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism. Smooth functioning of this vitamin requires close collaboration with Vitamin D. Vitamin K2 contributes to preventing calcium from depositing in blood vessels and instead facilitates its incorporation into bones (and teeth), where it is essential for maintaining bone density. A deficiency of Vitamin K2 typically accompanies a Vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency hinders calcium incorporation into bones and instead promotes vascular calcification. Therefore, Vitamin K2, especially when combined with Vitamin D, has a positive impact on the cardiovascular system and helps prevent the accumulation of excess calcium in soft tissues, thereby preserving blood vessel elasticity. Scientific studies confirm this synergistic effect of Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin K2 can be found in animal products and fermented foods such as raw sauerkraut, butter, egg yolks, liver, certain cheese varieties, and the fermented soy product Natto. Under certain conditions, it can also be produced by intestinal bacteria, provided that the gut flora is healthy.",[1559,1561,1563],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1560,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"5b07cfa2-8fd0-4218-8bfd-7ed2f1e154e1",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1562,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"93ea657a-5c7d-40a2-ae1e-c4a364332c01",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1564,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"a59cc67a-d888-4c40-a9e3-585308b4b13f",{"id":1566,"_uid":1567,"name":1568,"effects":1569,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1570,"treatment":109,"categories":1571,"description":1572,"faqs_shared":1573,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1574,"subBiomarkers":1579,"longDescription":1580,"linearSubrangeNames":1581,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"FV08","5980ac30-27de-4fd4-8382-7834f54f3c66","Trans-Linoleic Acid (trans fatty acid)",[],"Trans-linoleic acid",[],"Trans-Linoleic Acid is a type of polyunsaturated trans fatty acid. In general, trans fats are highly unfavorable from a nutritional perspective, and they significantly increase the risk of heart diseases.",[],[1575],{"_uid":1576,"name":1577,"component":1287,"description":1578},"81907550-3ab2-4a28-87a5-1aaa24c72354","Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)","Trans-fatty acids have extremely negative effects on heart health. They significantly increase the risk of heart diseases. There is also suspicion that they can interfere with sugar metabolism and contribute to the development of diabetes. That's why they are already completely banned in foods in the USA. In Europe, as of 2021, croissants, chips, and other products are only allowed to contain minimal artificial trans fats. However, they can still be formed during high-temperature frying or deep frying, whether done at home or in a restaurant.",[],"Trans-Linoleic Acid is a type of doubly unsaturated trans fatty acid. It has a negative impact on health even in significantly lower amounts compared to monounsaturated trans fats (such as trans-oleic acid). It forms during the industrial process of fat hardening, where oils are subjected to temperatures above 200 degrees Celsius to remove undesirable flavors or alter the texture and stability of the oils. This process is used to turn liquid oils into spreadable products like margarine by converting unsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. This method was developed in the early 20th century to create additional sources of dietary fat, and hardened plant fats often remain cheaper and more favorably regarded than animal fats. However, trans fatty acids can also form (at home) when frying with plant oils at high temperatures, and they are considered highly unfavorable from a nutritional standpoint. Trans fats have extremely negative effects on metabolism and significantly raise the risk of heart diseases. There is also suspicion of their involvement in disrupting sugar metabolism and contributing to the development of diabetes. For this reason, they are already completely banned in foods in the United States. In Europe, starting from 2021, croissants, chips, and other products are only allowed to contain minimal artificial trans fats. Nevertheless, they can still be formed during high-temperature frying or deep frying, whether done at home or in restaurants.",[],{"id":1583,"_uid":1584,"name":1585,"effects":1586,"category":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1587,"treatment":109,"categories":1588,"description":1590,"faqs_shared":1591,"riskFactors":1592,"subBiomarkers":1595,"longDescription":1596,"linearSubrangeNames":1597},"FV06","ff199b1f-58e2-4baf-b6af-55f6a868603e","Trans-Oleic Acid (Trans Fatty Acid)",[],"Trans-Oleic Acid",[1589],"702fa8c9-7465-43a2-bc07-1c0a7554b52b","Trans-oleic acid or elaidic acid is a type of monounsaturated trans fatty acid. Trans fats, in general, are considered highly unfavorable from a nutritional standpoint and significantly increase the risk of heart diseases.",[],[1593],{"_uid":1594,"name":1577,"component":1287,"description":1578},"ac879df9-d5df-4813-a24a-a8b47289d654",[],"Trans-oleic acid or elaidic acid is a type of monounsaturated trans fatty acid. It is structurally very similar to oleic acid but is hardly present in naturally occurring fats and oils. Instead, it is formed during the industrial process of fat hardening, where oils are subjected to temperatures above 200 degrees Celsius to remove undesirable flavors or alter the texture and stability of the oils. This process is used to turn liquid oils into spreadable products like margarine by converting unsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. This method was developed in the early 20th century to create additional sources of dietary fat and hardened plant fats often remain cheaper and more favorably regarded than animal fats. However, trans fatty acids can also form (at home) when frying with plant oils at high temperatures, and they are considered highly unfavorable from a nutritional standpoint. Trans fats have extremely negative effects on metabolism and significantly raise the risk of heart diseases. There is also suspicion of their involvement in disrupting sugar metabolism and contributing to the development of diabetes. For this reason, they are already completely banned in foods in the United States. In Europe, starting from 2021, croissants, chips, and other products are only allowed to contain minimal artificial trans fats. Nevertheless, they can still be formed during high-temperature frying or deep frying, whether done at home or in restaurants.",[],{"id":1599,"_uid":1600,"name":1601,"effects":1602,"category":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1603,"description":1604,"faqs_shared":1605,"riskFactors":1606,"subBiomarkers":1611,"longDescription":1612,"linearSubrangeNames":1613},"FVQ4","6e122682-e432-4dcb-8211-38eec8df14fd","AA/EPA ratio",[],[1589],"The ratio between the Omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) and the Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) serves as an indicator of \"silent inflammation\" in our body.",[],[1607],{"_uid":1608,"name":1609,"component":1287,"description":1610},"ec47dbb7-6b13-4683-be3e-2d408320d8de","Inflammation in the body","Chronic inflammation is closely linked to chronic diseases. Such \"silent inflammations,\" can act as triggers for autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. Additionally, cancer, dementia (Alzheimer's), and various cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are connected to inflammation.",[],"The ratio of the Omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) to the Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) serves as a measure of \"silent inflammation\", indicating the propensity for inflammation within our bodies. Since our body can produce inflammatory mediators known as prostaglandins from both AA and EPA, an excess of AA stimulates inflammation, whereas a balanced AA-to-EPA ratio offers better control. Increasing EPA intake while limiting Omega-6 fatty acid AA yields significant anti-inflammatory effects. Foods high in arachidonic acid (AA) content include plant oils like safflower oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, wheat germ oil, or soybean oil, as well as fatty meats, sausages, butter, fatty cheese, cream, cakes, and various types of chocolates. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is exclusively sourced from marine environments, present in all forms of seafood (mackerel, salmon, mussels, etc.) and specific algae. Even vegan supplements containing EPA are now derived from algae.",[],{"id":1615,"_uid":1616,"name":1617,"effects":1618,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1619,"description":1622,"faqs_shared":1623,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1624,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1625,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1626,"linearSubrangeNames":1627,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1636,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1637,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FVQ3","0fdbea49-7ff6-4060-9360-8da7922b9559","Omega-3 Index",[],[1620,1621],"baf2dc22-ba49-4570-ac4c-9dde8025f5d5","c87bbd5d-b9e6-41e0-9b22-90cb78537e6a","The Omega-3 Index measures the proportion of the healthy Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in the red blood cells and indicates the body's long-term supply.",[],[],[],"A good Omega-3 Index protects the heart, blood vessels and nervous system. It reflects the percentage content of EPA and DHA in the cell membranes of the red blood cells - similar to a long-term value over 2-3 months. Optimal values are above 8 per cent, minimally a value of more than 4.5% should be aimed for, the higher the better. There is literature data that shows that too low a level can increase the risk of inflammation, cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment in the long term. Some studies also suggest that higher omega 3 levels can improve longevity, but scientists are not yet fully agreed on certain points. independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dementia and psychiatric diagnoses, eye problems and systemic inflammation. A balanced diet with fatty sea fish or targeted supplementation can help to improve the index.",[1628,1630,1632,1634],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1629,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"42908b93-c562-408c-8eb7-b68206e73ed2",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1631,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"d6534f1e-0301-416b-802c-cf2feae144b9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1633,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"19ed44eb-cac4-44c2-b0db-9c689543d093",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1635,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"be636323-7dd7-49e2-aa76-6c3cac21036d","An index below 4.5 per cent indicates an inadequate supply. A targeted intake through a diet with fatty sea fish or supplementation is recommended.\n\nYour CARE doctor will be happy to tell you the right dose and form of administration for you in an upcoming consultation or medical report.","A value considered too high for the Omega-3 Index is currently not known. In the literature, levels up to 12% are regarded as optimal, and even values above that are not associated with health concerns.",{"id":1639,"_uid":1640,"name":1641,"effects":1642,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1643,"description":1644,"faqs_shared":1645,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1646,"subBiomarkers":1651,"longDescription":1652,"linearSubrangeNames":1653,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"METYL","41023c0b-3f84-4785-bc28-a3887886d7bf","Methylmalonic acid",[],[1404],"Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is used to diagnose a a vitamin B12 deficiency. MMA is a substance made in small amounts during metabolism. Metabolism is the process of how your body changes food into energy. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in metabolism. If your body doesn't have enough vitamin B12, it will make extra amounts of MMA. High MMA levels can be a sign of a vitamin B12 deficiency.",[],[1647],{"_uid":1648,"name":1649,"component":1287,"description":1650},"4a8306b7-20da-4355-914a-7b592523d5dc","Vitamin B12 deficiency","A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to various health risks and complications, given its essential role in maintaining proper nervous system function and facilitating red blood cell production. Key risks associated with vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, nervous system disorders, cognitive decline, cardiovascular vulnerabilities, bone health issues, vision challenges, digestive discomfort, fatigue and weakness, pregnancy complications, and a higher risk of dementia. It's important to understand that a vitamin B12 deficiency can develop gradually, presenting with diverse symptoms. If you have a deficiency, which may be triggered by factors like a vegan diet, specific medical conditions, or medications affecting B12 absorption, it's recommended to consider supplementing with vitamin B12.",[],"Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a substance that forms in small quantities during metabolism, particularly when your body processes protein. Metabolism is the process through which your body converts food into energy. Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in this. Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and the proper functioning of the central nervous system. A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, characterized by a shortage of red blood cells. When there is an insufficient Vitamin B12 level, the body produces increased amounts of MMA. These elevated MMA levels often indicate a Vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms of a Vitamin B12 deficiency include numbness or tingling in the extremities, difficulty walking, an inflamed tongue, confusion, memory impairment, weakness, and fatigue. Vitamin B12 is indispensable for the body, as it cannot synthesize it on its own and relies on sufficient intake. Foods rich in Vitamin B12 are primarily derived from animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy.",[1654,1656,1658],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1655,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c1b14dee-ff18-4202-9dd1-9d80fb692b3a",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1657,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"7241d4a7-3470-4c37-9f8c-7a693c5b4689",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1659,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"664bc6bb-04df-4af8-9190-5944c7caf0df",{"id":1661,"_uid":1662,"name":1663,"effects":1664,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1665,"description":1666,"faqs_shared":1667,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1668,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1669,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1670,"linearSubrangeNames":1671,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1680,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1681,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"HCY","8950c83d-185c-4fcc-90ae-8d5873982dd9","Homocysteine",[],[1620,1621],"Homocysteine is an amino acid in the blood, and elevated levels are associated with a higher risk of arterial plaque buildup, cardiovascular diseases, increased incidence of thrombosis, and neurological disorders.",[],[],[],"Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and an intermediate product of protein metabolism. Because it has vessel-damaging properties, it is rapidly converted into harmless substances with the help of vitamins B12, B6, B9 (folic acid), and partly B2. An increase in blood levels indicates a disruption in this breakdown process and is considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis—especially in the presence of existing cardiometabolic risks such as hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure, or diabetes.\n\nElevated homocysteine levels are also associated with an increased risk of dementia (particularly Alzheimer’s), thrombosis, and possibly osteoporosis. However, the scientific evidence supporting these links is not yet conclusive.",[1672,1674,1676,1678],{"Text":1049,"_uid":1673,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"a9ebea32-0a75-4857-abc7-6b8cca5e7b35",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1675,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"a63b579b-8805-42e5-8cad-d07bfa645d32",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1677,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"5281fae1-8f08-4799-b1c4-aca07653847a",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1679,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"0866b652-a757-41e7-a78e-b26eb48db1a5","Very low homocysteine levels are rare and usually unproblematic. A value in the lower normal range is considered beneficial for vascular health and does not require any intervention.","An elevated homocysteine level can indicate a deficiency of vitamin B6, B12 or folic acid or be genetically determined. It increases the risk of various diseases and is receiving increasing attention in preventive medicine. It can usually be reduced by supplementing with B vitamins - the best way to obtain these is via a B vitamin complex preparation from the pharmacy - one tablet a day is usually sufficient for an adequate supply. However, it is important to measure the homocysteine level again over time.",{"id":1683,"_uid":1684,"name":1685,"effects":1686,"category":1404,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1687,"description":1688,"faqs_shared":1689,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1690,"subBiomarkers":1695,"longDescription":1696,"linearSubrangeNames":1697,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"ATOCO","f1a7ac52-9a38-4695-b6cf-ea1548461ab6","Vitamin E",[],[1404],"Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant essential for protecting cells from oxidative damage and supporting various bodily functions.",[],[1691],{"_uid":1692,"name":1693,"component":1287,"description":1694},"b01db50b-bc59-48ee-913a-2dc8f77b5772","Nerve pain (neuropathy)","Peripheral neuropathy is a medical disorder characterized by damage or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, which are located outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves transmit signals between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body, including limbs, organs, and sensory receptors. Hands or feet are often affected, leading to weakness or pain. Vitamin E is used to treat Vitamin E deficiency, which is rare but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders and severely underweight premature infants. While Vitamin E is also used for many other conditions, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support many of these alternative applications.",[],"Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that's important to vision, reproduction, and the health of your blood, brain and skin. Vitamin E also has antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are substances that might protect your cells against the effects of free radicals — molecules produced when your body breaks down food or is exposed to tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals might play a role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases. If you take vitamin E for its antioxidant properties, keep in mind that the supplement might not offer the same benefits as naturally occurring antioxidants in food. Foods rich in vitamin E include avocados, olive oil, almonds, peanuts, beets, spinach and may more. You can also get vitamin E from meats, dairy, leafy greens and fortified cereals. Vitamin E is also available as an oral supplement in capsules or drops. Most people get enough vitamin E from a balanced diet. If you've been diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, some research suggests that vitamin E therapy might help slow disease progression. However, oral use of vitamin E might increase the risk of prostate cancer. ",[1698,1700,1702,1704,1706],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1699,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ed793eb9-49b8-4ed9-b878-449cdb7ee0c6",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1701,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"287d2b12-cb27-487f-a1d2-1c21a5e924f9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1703,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"9b0dfb84-7997-4146-9bcd-d3cb61945d7c",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1705,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"16f47b29-f9ad-4047-a5ab-534f47f9b391",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1707,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"6efbaa6e-d46a-4f6e-8990-a2429fe713ac",{"id":1709,"_uid":1710,"name":1711,"effects":1712,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1713,"treatment":109,"categories":1714,"description":1715,"faqs_shared":1716,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1717,"relativeOrder":354,"subBiomarkers":1718,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1719,"linearSubrangeNames":1720,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1731,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1732,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"APOB","17d070d6-cdce-4f58-a297-50ff4d9005bb","Apolipoprotein B",[],"ApoB",[1139]," Apolipoprotein B is a protein found on all atherogenic (vessel-damaging) lipoproteins (including LDL and Lipoprotein(a)) - its value indicates how many potentially “harmful” cholesterol particles are circulating in the blood.",[],[],[],"An elevated apolipoprotein B (apoB) level, together with LDL cholesterol, is one of the central, controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Depending on the associated risks, a reduction should be consistently aimed for.\n\nApoB is the main component of LDL, VLDL and lipoprotein (a) particles that transport cholesterol in the blood. As each particle carries exactly one ApoB molecule, the value not only shows the amount of cholesterol, but also the number of potentially vascular-damaging particles. ApoB thus often provides an even more precise assessment of cardiovascular risk, particularly in the case of elevated triglycerides or metabolic syndrome. Modern guidelines increasingly recommend it as a supplementary or even preferred risk marker.\nThe aim is to keep ApoB as low as possible.\n\nDepending on the individual risk, the following target values apply:\n  • Low to moderate risk: ApoB \u003C 1.0 g/L\n  • High risk: ApoB \u003C 0.8 g/L\n  • Very high risk: ApoB \u003C 0.65 g/L\n\nThe individual target value is determined by CARE on the basis of all relevant risk factors and communicated in the medical report or during an upcoming consultation.",[1721,1723,1725,1727,1729],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1722,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a96da351-2eda-4163-8fa0-f64425da7569",{"Text":1049,"_uid":1724,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"92028cbc-1eb0-4d36-a709-826e9952f790",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1726,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"7f937aff-3995-49fa-81fd-f0741c328ece",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1728,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"129fcc0e-088f-4cad-a73a-059ad4be0d3c",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1730,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"84e5694c-ec7a-42fd-8d27-5088975b4308","Only in very rare cases and at extremely low levels are potential side effects discussed, such as in relation to hormonal balance, lipid metabolism disorders, or malnutrition. However, scientific research has so far not identified any significant disadvantages—only benefits—from even lower ApoB levels.","An elevated apolipoprotein B value (ApoB) indicates an increased risk of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The decisive factor here is not only the absolute value, but above all the interaction with other individual factors such as blood pressure, blood sugar, inflammation parameters, lifestyle, visceral fat or family history.\n\nA reduction in ApoB can be achieved in part through targeted lifestyle measures: a Mediterranean, high-fibre diet, regular exercise, reduction of visceral fat. If the targets are not achieved in this way or if there is already a high risk, a reduction with medication is recommended.\n\nAny reduction brings demonstrable benefits - the earlier, the lower, the better.",{"id":1734,"_uid":1735,"name":1736,"effects":1737,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1739,"treatment":109,"categories":1740,"description":1741,"faqs_shared":1742,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1743,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1744,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1745,"linearSubrangeNames":1746,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1749,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1750,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BIDI","2917540c-bab2-4050-924a-f2328ef8b442","Direct Bilirubin (Measured optionally)",[],"f3249138-79ed-4384-b3b9-8973eb90fb9c","Direct Bilirubin",[1738],"Direct Bilirubin is the water-soluble form of bilirubin that is processed in the liver and excreted through the bile – this level indicates how well this elimination pathway is functioning.",[],[],[],"Direct biBirubin is formed when the original fat-soluble (indirect) bilirubin is converted into a water-soluble form in the liver (conjugation). Only in this form can it pass through the bile into the intestines. The direct fraction is usually assessed together with Total Bilirubin and the indirect fraction to better identify the cause of a possible Bilirubin increase.\n",[1747],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1748,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"f661048c-1955-484b-b202-703df56b2313","A very low or undetectable level is completely normal and indicates an unimpeded Bilirubin processing and elimination.","If the value is less than 50% of the total bilirubin, it is usually a harmless Gilbert’s syndrome (see text under Bilirubin).\nA significantly elevated Direct Bilirubin level (>60% of total bilirubin) may indicate a problem with bile flow, such as gallstones, liver inflammation, or a narrowing of the bile ducts. It can also rise in certain liver diseases. When combined with other lab results and clinical symptoms, the Direct Bilirubin level helps to better pinpoint the cause and, if necessary, initiate further investigation.",{"id":1752,"_uid":1753,"name":1754,"effects":1755,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1756,"treatment":109,"categories":1757,"description":1758,"faqs_shared":1759,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1760,"relativeOrder":1468,"subBiomarkers":1761,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1762,"linearSubrangeNames":1763,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1772,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1773,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"LPA","d264013f-2739-4c1b-9a52-17ee24e5050c","Lipoprotein (a)",[],"Lp(a)",[1139],"Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a) for short, is a genetically determined blood lipid value that can be elevated regardless of lifestyle and can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Based on current knowledge, it is not considered useful to measure it repeatedly, as its levels fluctuate only minimally in the blood.",[],[],[],"Lipoprotein(a) is a special form of LDL cholesterol in which a protein called apolipoprotein(a) is also attached. An elevated Lp(a) level can lead to a greater deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessels and thus increase the risk of heart attack, stroke or valvular heart disease - especially if other risk factors such as high LDL, apoB, high blood pressure or diabetes are present at the same time. It is now considered one of the most important known risk modifiers. As Lp(a) cannot be influenced by diet or exercise, the focus is on optimising all other controllable risk factors (in the event of a relevant increase, other target ranges apply for LDL cholesterol, among others). The value is measured once, as according to scientific knowledge it does not change significantly over the course of a lifetime and is hereditary (i.e. runs in the family).",[1764,1766,1768,1770],{"Text":1049,"_uid":1765,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"2f09ab7a-df11-46c1-a6f3-a076580a0953",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1767,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c448d893-0f36-4c47-8c0c-6c635db07330",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1769,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"173621c7-f164-48f1-bc64-239a6a8be5b8",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1771,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4ff355bf-2a8b-4f3e-9340-ca808833a9a2","A low Lp(a) level is unproblematic and beneficial, as it is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. People with low Lp(a) benefit from a certain natural protection of their blood vessels.","An elevated Lp(a) value is considered an independent risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and other vascular diseases. The statistical additional risk increases linearly from a certain limit value (75nmol/l or 300mg/dl) with increasing value. Lp (a) is one of the most frequently missed risk factors and has become increasingly relevant for thorough risk evaluations in recent years.\n\nIt is particularly relevant if LDL cholesterol is also elevated or if there is a family history. As Lp(a) is genetically determined, the value itself cannot be reduced by lifestyle changes. This makes it all the more important to consistently control other risk factors - in particular LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar and other risk modifiers (see LDL info box). According to current knowledge, a single measurement is usually sufficient (which is why we at CARE only measure it in your first analysis).\n\nIn the case of very high values, relatives should also be systematically examined for elevated values.",{"id":1775,"_uid":1753,"name":1754,"effects":1776,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1756,"treatment":109,"categories":1777,"description":1758,"faqs_shared":1778,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1779,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1780,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1762,"linearSubrangeNames":1781,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1772,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1773,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"LPA_mg",[],[1139],[],[],[],[1782,1783,1784,1785],{"Text":1049,"_uid":1765,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},{"Text":1055,"_uid":1767,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":1769,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":1771,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"id":1787,"_uid":1788,"name":1789,"effects":1790,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1789,"treatment":109,"categories":1791,"description":1792,"faqs_shared":1793,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1794,"subBiomarkers":1799,"longDescription":1800,"linearSubrangeNames":1801,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"PRL_WA_FEMALE50","bc8d849c-3a09-4a4e-8339-95df65e7faa1","Prolactin",[],[1222,1224],"Prolactin is a hormone responsible for breast development, milk production, and regulating the menstrual cycle in females.",[],[1795],{"_uid":1796,"name":1797,"component":1287,"description":1798},"c564f7b9-298f-43ac-bcfb-5d987f44d033","Infertility or menopause","The onset of menopause and reduced fertility are a result of declining ovarian function and are reflected in altered hormone concentrations. This hormonal shift can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, decreased fertility, and eventually the cessation of ovulation. As a result, the chances of conception decrease significantly. Understanding the connection between these hormonal changes and menopause is essential in comprehending the reproductive changes women experience as they age and seek to conceive.",[],"Prolactin is produced and released by the pituitary gland in the brain. The main function of prolactin is to stimulate breast development and milk production in response to pregnancy and childbirth. High prolactin affects the menstrual cycle by suppressing egg maturation and thus contributing to contraception during lactation. If prolactin levels are too low, it can lead to insufficient milk production during breastfeeding. If prolactin levels are too high, it can cause irregular menstrual periods or the absence of periods, infertility, abnormal milk production, and reduced libido. Monitoring prolactin levels through blood tests can help identify any abnormalities and guide appropriate interventions.",[1802,1804,1806,1808],{"Text":1060,"_uid":1803,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"cc5288ff-35aa-4c57-b1cd-b134959f6d94",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1805,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"40365a94-02e0-441f-8d45-b76bfa3bb171",{"Text":1060,"_uid":1807,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"91491b87-68f2-47b3-b8b7-4bdaa6e4d3a2",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1809,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2545da09-8739-42ad-b265-9c78b2934438",{"id":1811,"_uid":1788,"name":1789,"effects":1812,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1789,"treatment":109,"categories":1813,"description":1814,"faqs_shared":1815,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1816,"subBiomarkers":1818,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1819,"linearSubrangeNames":1820,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"PRL",[],[1222,1224],"Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It regulates milk production after childbirth but also influences the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and mood—even outside of breastfeeding.",[],[1817],{"_uid":1796,"name":1797,"component":1287,"description":1798},[],"Prolactin is produced in the pituitary gland and is best known for stimulating milk production during breastfeeding. However, even outside of pregnancy and lactation, it affects the female hormonal system. Prolactin inhibits the release of the ovulation hormones LH and FSH—a natural protective mechanism during breastfeeding that can also lead to cycle disturbances if prolactin levels remain elevated at other times. For this reason, prolactin is used to help diagnose hormonal imbalances.\n\nElevated prolactin levels can cause irregular menstrual cycles, luteal phase deficiency, absence of ovulation, breast tenderness, or infertility. Potential causes include chronic stress, sleep deprivation, certain medications, hypothyroidism, or benign prolactinomas (pituitary tumors). Physical exertion or waking up shortly before the test can also temporarily raise prolactin levels.\n\nObservational studies have shown that women with mildly to moderately elevated prolactin levels may have an increased risk of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and possibly coronary heart disease. This association appears to be independent of traditional risk factors.\n\nLow prolactin levels are rare and usually not clinically significant.",[1821,1823,1824,1826],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1822,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"1064c85f-5cb5-4127-8dad-f80686161d4b",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1805,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":1825,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"3aadea67-b0d5-4070-851d-35ec212ce87e",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1809,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"id":1828,"_uid":1829,"name":1830,"effects":1831,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1832,"description":1833,"faqs_shared":1834,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1835,"subBiomarkers":1839,"longDescription":1840,"linearSubrangeNames":1841,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"DTEST","94b6535b-dac9-4437-b652-bf1b5d23fd3c","Dihydrotestosteron (DHT)",[],[1224],"DHT is a sex hormone that is primarily responsible for the formation and functionality of the male sex organs. ",[],[1836],{"_uid":1837,"name":1838,"component":1287,"description":109},"b7c46297-d114-46b8-8e0f-c23195037f6d","Loss of hair",[],"DHT is formed in the prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis from testosterone. In adulthood, it is involved in the formation of prostate and seminal vesicle secretions. In addition, DHT exhibits sex-nonspecific anabolic effects on muscle, bone, and the hematopoietic system. Excessive levels can lead to enlargement of the prostate and hair loss - in both men and women.",[],{"id":1843,"_uid":1844,"name":1845,"effects":1846,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1847,"treatment":109,"categories":1848,"description":1849,"faqs_shared":1850,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1851,"subBiomarkers":1856,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1857,"linearSubrangeNames":1858,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"GGT3","9d5b2cd7-824e-45bd-b2e4-45ed224afef0","Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)",[],"GGT",[1738],"GGT is an enzyme that occurs mainly in the liver and transfers so-called amino groups.",[],[1852],{"_uid":1853,"name":1854,"component":1287,"description":1855},"1bc64c7e-dd17-47db-a724-8d9d778dcf67","Liver damage","Liver damage is a state in which the liver is unable to function. Lifestyle risk factors include excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and exposure to toxins. Certain medical conditions such as hepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can also contribute to liver damage.",[],"Gamma-glutamyltransferase is an enzyme that occurs throughout the body, but mainly in the liver. The activity of GGT is measured in the blood. GGT helps transfer amino acids across the cell membrane and plays an important role in the processing of toxins by the liver. GGT can leak into the bloodstream when the liver or bile ducts are damaged. A high GGT level in the blood can therefore indicate liver damage or damage to the bile ducts. These can result from heavy alcohol consumption or alcoholic cirrhosis, among other things. Individuals who regularly consume large amounts of alcohol are very likely to have elevated GGT values. An increase in GGT activity is generally observed in all forms of liver damage.",[1859,1861,1863],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1860,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"76dcbfc1-6a51-43f5-8b34-373011db4dfe",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1862,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"07d84996-5dd1-4be0-b45f-3ca173088993",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1864,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"0e6a92a9-6c82-4038-ae8c-158267c76e59",{"id":1847,"_uid":1844,"name":1845,"effects":1866,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1847,"treatment":109,"categories":1867,"description":1868,"faqs_shared":1869,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1870,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1871,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1872,"linearSubrangeNames":1873,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1879,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1880,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},[],[1738],"GGT is an enzyme found mainly in the liver and bile ducts – elevated levels often indicate a disorder in the liver-bile system or alcohol consumption.",[],[],[],"GGT is a sensitive marker for the function of the liver and bile ducts. It helps transport amino acids into cells and is mainly elevated in the blood when the bile ducts are irritated or blocked, or the liver is under stress—such as from alcohol, medications, fatty liver, or bile congestion. GGT responds early to harmful influences but is not liver-specific. For interpretation, it is usually assessed together with ALAT, ASAT, and other liver values. An elevated GGT level can also occur temporarily in completely healthy people, for example after fatty meals or moderate alcohol consumption.\n\nIn preventive medicine, GGT can also be used as a prognostic marker for metabolic health.\n",[1874,1876,1877,1878],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1875,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"949f8c67-41a8-4006-8010-d42a748cf891",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1860,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":1862,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":1864,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A low GGT level is normal and indicates healthy liver and bile duct function. Very low values have no clinical significance.","An elevated GGT value indicates irritation or damage to the hepatobiliary system. Common causes are regular alcohol consumption, medication, fatty liver, bile stasis or chronic liver disease. GGT is also sensitive to oxidative stress and lifestyle factors. An isolated increase is not always pathological; other factors and blood values must always be taken into consideration for an assessment. Permanently elevated values should be examined more closely.",{"id":1882,"_uid":1883,"name":1884,"effects":1885,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1884,"treatment":109,"categories":1886,"description":1887,"faqs_shared":1888,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1889,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1890,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1891,"linearSubrangeNames":1892,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1901,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1902,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BILI","446beab9-8bf1-499e-9cac-44db43d77260","Total Bilirubin",[],[1738],"Bilirubin is a breakdown product of the red blood pigment (hemoglobin) and is excreted through the liver – the level provides information about liver function and the breakdown of red blood cells.",[],[],[],"Bilirubin is produced during the natural breakdown of old red blood cells. It is excreted by the liver into the bile and leaves the body through the intestines or urine. There are two types: indirect (insoluble in water) and direct (water-soluble) Bilirubin. Elevated levels may indicate a disturbance in the breakdown, liver processing, or bile duct excretion. When levels are high, Direct Bilirubin is automatically measured to better determine the cause. If Direct Bilirubin accounts for less than 50% of the total, in most cases it indicates a harmless metabolic variant called Gilbert’s syndrome. It is always important to consider the Total Bilirubin level together with other liver parameters.\n",[1893,1895,1897,1899],{"Text":1147,"_uid":1894,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"0e7a93a9-9920-4a00-9b80-7537db8494e0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1896,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"5900dbf1-d888-4711-a7e4-30a317e7278e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1898,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"0a286fe8-0114-4ecf-b2b2-8b2fb1571936",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1900,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"85dc5745-b8f4-4972-b638-b3cb68882f2c","A low Bbilirubin level is not problematic and indicates that the breakdown of red blood cells and liver function are within the normal range. Very low values have no clinical significance.","An elevated bilirubin level can have various causes: by far the most common cause is Gilbert’s syndrome, where the breakdown of bilirubin in the liver takes a little longer and the levels appear slightly longer or higher. This affects around 9% of the European population. Such a syndrome is suspected if the direct bilirubin content is \u003C50% of the total bilirubin and the liver values are otherwise unremarkable.\nIf the proportion of direct bilirubin is rather high (>60%), a liver or bile problem could be present, if it is very low (\u003C10%), then a breakdown of red blood cells could be the cause (haemolysis).",{"id":1904,"_uid":1905,"name":1906,"effects":1907,"category":1908,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1904,"treatment":109,"categories":1909,"description":1911,"faqs_shared":1912,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1913,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1914,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1915,"linearSubrangeNames":1916,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1927,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1928,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"PHOS","c6d5c5b5-93aa-42fb-92ab-bcf6d33e30c9","Phosphate",[],"0c066871-aa1e-4980-81d0-9c7c461fe95e",[1910],"7cb9d79d-7167-427d-91cb-6004aa8eb58c","Phosphate is a mineral that plays a crucial role in bone and tooth health, energy metabolism, and cellular functions—its level in the blood is tightly regulated by hormonal activity and kidney function.",[],[],[],"Phosphate is involved in numerous biological processes: it strengthens bone structure, is a component of cell membranes, and plays a central role in energy metabolism (for example, as a building block of the energy carrier ATP). About 85 % of the body’s phosphate is stored in the bones, with only a small fraction circulating in the blood. The phosphate level is influenced by the kidneys, vitamin D, calcium, the parathyroid glands, and diet.",[1917,1919,1921,1923,1925],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1918,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"55ded5ae-7dde-4c3d-aee1-d0ff1deefda1",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1920,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"478b72af-d20a-4a63-a7fd-b7b75ae3c0f0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1922,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"29d898ac-40c7-44c5-81f0-b25caed126c1",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1924,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"30bcfbcf-8786-4083-b0a4-644f97d5868c",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1926,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2eb1361e-9503-4ec5-99f9-f540eabfcc33","A low phosphate value can occur with malnutrition, alcoholism, certain medications or impaired intestinal absorption. Significant deficiencies are only relevant in connection with a simultaneous increase in calcium. Slight deficiencies are common and are usually due to a temporary deficiency, e.g. if phosphate-rich foods such as meat, fish, dairy products, eggs and pulses are not consumed. However, nuts, seeds, bread, vegetables and fruit also contain phosphate. Supplementation with phosphate is not common; a change in diet can compensate for this.","An increased phosphate value occurs in the case of impaired kidney function, but also in the case of vitamin D overdose, parathyroid hypofunction or increased cell degradation. The context as well as the calcium and vitamin D levels are also assessed here.",{"id":1930,"_uid":1313,"name":1931,"effects":1932,"category":109,"component":1039,"shortName":1930,"treatment":109,"categories":1933,"description":1318,"faqs_shared":1935,"riskFactors":1936,"subBiomarkers":1938,"longDescription":1335,"linearSubrangeNames":1939},"EPG","Epigenetics",[],[1934],"669a1d72-18e8-4973-ae3e-f912a8715460",[],[1937],{"_uid":1322,"name":109,"component":1287,"description":109},[],[1940,1942,1943],{"Text":1941,"_uid":1339,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"Younger",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1342,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1944,"_uid":1345,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1064},"Older",{"id":1946,"_uid":1947,"name":1948,"effects":1949,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1951,"description":1952,"faqs_shared":1953,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1954,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1955,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1956,"linearSubrangeNames":1957,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1968,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1969,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"KREA","653ff641-a086-4aa5-b4f2-33d8ce64b706","Creatinine",[],"d95171d5-71fa-4557-9726-54a7372a9883",[1950],"Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism and is one of the most important laboratory markers for assessing kidney function.",[],[],[],"Creatinine is produced during the natural breakdown of creatine in the muscles and is transported through the blood to the kidneys, where it is excreted. Because creatinine production is relatively constant and it is almost entirely excreted by the kidneys, the value is well-suited for assessing kidney function. An increase in blood levels may indicate that the kidneys are not filtering creatinine effectively. However, the value also depends on muscle mass, creatine intake, age, and fluid intake—athletic individuals or men with high muscle mass often naturally have higher creatinine levels. To assess kidney function, the so-called eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) is also calculated.",[1958,1960,1962,1964,1966],{"Text":1156,"_uid":1959,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"461ba3a9-73f3-4151-8cb7-de4f121dec70",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1961,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ec7031d0-2a4a-455b-9e80-9d61dcae3e87",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1963,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"08828ecd-f0a6-4ed9-9306-b196f69cc3de",{"Text":1147,"_uid":1965,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"fb939286-d081-40f1-82e0-6ecbca360959",{"Text":1156,"_uid":1967,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ffe14857-6c55-4059-bc5f-8266e64f3565","A low creatinine level is usually harmless but can be an indication of low muscle mass.","An elevated creatinine level may indicate impaired kidney function, especially if the creatinine-based kidney function estimate (eGFR) is also decreased. Dehydration, intense physical exertion, creatine supplementation, or certain medications can also temporarily raise creatinine levels.\nThe level of renal function is decisive in determining whether the more sensitive cystatin C is added, which can be used to calculate renal function even more precisely if necessary.\n",{"id":1971,"_uid":1947,"name":1972,"effects":1973,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1974,"description":1975,"faqs_shared":1976,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1977,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1978,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1979,"linearSubrangeNames":1980,"whatDoesLowValueMean":1986,"whatDoesHighValueMean":1987,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"uACR","Albumin in urine",[],[1950],"Albumin in urine shows whether small amounts of an important blood protein are being lost via the kidneys. The marker helps to recognise early signs of kidney damage.",[],[],[],"Albumin is a protein that normally remains in the blood and is hardly ever excreted via the kidneys. If albumin is detectable in the urine, this may indicate increased permeability of the kidney filters and therefore possible kidney damage. In modern medicine, albumin in the urine is used together with kidney function in the blood (e.g. via creatinine or cystatin C) to classify chronic kidney disease, support treatment decisions and monitor kidney function over time.",[1981,1983,1984,1985],{"Text":1049,"_uid":1982,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"5730f6b0-5e5e-4b27-bdd4-c6d62e8405db",{"Text":1055,"_uid":1963,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":1965,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":1967,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A low or undetectable albumin level in the urine is usually a sign of normal kidney function. This usually means that the kidneys are effectively retaining the protein in the blood.","Elevated albumin levels in the urine can indicate that the kidney filters are no longer functioning optimally. This can be an early sign of kidney disease and often occurs with diabetes, high blood pressure or other vascular diseases. Physical exertion within the last 24 hours, infections or fever can also temporarily lead to increased values, which is why the context is always decisive.",{"id":1989,"_uid":1947,"name":1990,"effects":1991,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":1992,"description":1994,"faqs_shared":1995,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":1996,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":1997,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":1998,"linearSubrangeNames":1999,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2003,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2004,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"NTpBNP","NT-proBNP",[],[1993],"9266f579-f37a-4f0e-98ec-cfde3cb0666d","NT-proBNP is a blood biomarker that reflects how much strain the heart is under. It is used to help diagnose heart failure and to monitor the condition over time.",[],[],[],"NT-proBNP is released by heart muscle cells when the heart is exposed to increased pressure or volume load. Elevated levels can indicate heart failure and help diagnose the condition as well as monitor its progression. However, in certain situations, such as significant obesity, levels may appear falsely low, which is why results should always be interpreted in the overall clinical context.",[2000,2001,2002],{"Text":1055,"_uid":1963,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":1965,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":1967,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A low NT-proBNP level usually makes significant heart failure unlikely and often indicates that the heart is not under major strain. However, under certain circumstances, such as significant obesity, values can appear falsely low. Results should therefore always be interpreted in the overall clinical context.","An elevated NT-proBNP level may indicate increased strain on the heart. It is commonly seen in heart failure but can also occur in other cardiovascular conditions, kidney disease, or with increasing age. The result should therefore always be interpreted together with symptoms and other clinical findings.",{"id":2006,"_uid":2007,"name":2008,"effects":2009,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2006,"treatment":109,"categories":2010,"description":2012,"faqs_shared":2013,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2014,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2015,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2016,"deprecatedFields":109,"linearSubrangeNames":2017,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2028,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2029,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FT4","8f986929-4c5e-44fb-b775-ff6181176fcf","Free Thyroxine (fT4)",[],[2011],"e278f10e-01c7-4702-8e32-2de6cd71fd20","Thyroxine is the biologically active thyroid hormone in the blood and indicates how much hormone is actually available for the metabolism.",[],[],[],"Thyroxine (fT4) is one of the two most important thyroid hormones. The value ‘fT4’ refers to the free, non-protein-bound portion in the blood - i.e. the part that acts directly in the body cells. fT4 influences numerous bodily functions such as heart rate, energy consumption, digestion, temperature regulation and the psyche. The value is usually determined together with TSH to determine whether an overactive or underactive thyroid is present and how pronounced it is.",[2018,2020,2022,2024,2026],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2019,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"426863ee-d64e-4e75-8d61-c91c175ca5ce",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2021,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a07d3a90-1440-4670-aa30-f5874d05d3a0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2023,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"93c9325a-1ddf-44d6-a306-38a249d6508a",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2025,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"0141c1f1-3213-432f-8493-a421093674e4",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2027,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"a7533e4e-51f9-4799-a368-93d3db9cd61c","A low fT4 value can indicate an underactive thyroid. However, the TSH value, which indicates whether the release of more TSH also produces more fT4, is decisive for the diagnosis, which is why a so-called manifest hypothyroidism is only diagnosed and treated if both a low fT4 and a high TSH are present. A low fT4 but normal TSH value is called ‘latent’ hypothyroidism, which normally has no symptoms or treatment consequences, but should still be monitored.","An elevated fT4 value indicates an increased presence of the active thyroid hormone. The exact diagnosis is also made here in conjunction with the TSH value: if it is low at the same time, we talk about manifest hyperthyroidism, but if it remains normal, we talk about ‘latent’ hyperthyroidism.",{"id":2031,"_uid":2032,"name":2033,"effects":2034,"category":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2031,"treatment":109,"categories":2035,"description":2036,"faqs_shared":2037,"riskFactors":2038,"subBiomarkers":2043,"longDescription":2044,"linearSubrangeNames":2045},"FT3","c5c14071-4a86-4d78-a0b1-bc7bd25747f2","Trijodthyronin (FT3) free",[],[],"FT3 is a thyroid hormone. Deviations indicate hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.",[],[2039],{"_uid":2040,"name":2041,"component":1287,"description":2042},"2bdc97ab-8270-4de1-95c8-46bb309039b9","Thyroid dysfunction","Thyroid dysfunction is a condition in which the thyroid gland is not producing enough amounts of thyroid hormones or is producing too much. It impacts the hormonal equilibrium in the body and metabolic processes. Genetic predispositions, exposure to radiation, and certain medications can contribute to thyroid dysfunction.",[],"Normal thyroid levels are important for good well-being. Thyroid dysfunction manifests itself in various symptoms - it is important to detect and treat dysfunction early. FT3 is determined together with TSH, the thyroid-stimulating hormone. This makes it easier to detect thyroid dysfunction. Too high FT3 values can indicate hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer or Graves' disease. Values that are too low indicate hypothyroidism. Values may also be lower than normal if hyperthyroidism is being treated.",[],{"id":2047,"_uid":2048,"name":2049,"effects":2050,"category":2051,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2052,"description":2053,"faqs_shared":2054,"riskFactors":2055,"subBiomarkers":2059,"longDescription":2060,"linearSubrangeNames":2061},"AMYL","eb6502e1-837c-42da-b73c-ce891438ad4e","Pancreatic Amylase",[],"3c701b42-ad15-400f-b810-17413f095c48",[2051],"Pancreatic amylase is a digestive enzyme required by the body for the digestion of carbohydrates.",[],[2056],{"_uid":2057,"name":2058,"component":1287,"description":109},"145f1fd1-cc9c-42d1-8a0f-4ec15cafc1df","Pancreatic diseases",[],"Pancreatic amylase is an enzyme responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in food and is released by the pancreas. Pancreatic amylase is normally released into the gastrointestinal tract; only a small amount of the enzyme enters the blood and is excreted through the kidneys in the urine. Excessively high levels can indicate acute inflammation or a tumor of the pancreas, bile stasis, kidney weakness or alcoholism.",[],{"id":2063,"_uid":2064,"name":2065,"effects":2066,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2067,"description":2069,"faqs_shared":2070,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2071,"subBiomarkers":2075,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2076,"deprecatedFields":109,"linearSubrangeNames":2077,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"LIP","eb47e3e4-6db5-465b-9afd-f8e78626a8cc","Lipase",[],[2068],"fce2fe50-9e27-4ea2-ade3-555a86ee6b4d","Lipases are enzymes that break down fats to glycerol and free fatty acids.",[],[2072],{"_uid":2073,"name":2058,"component":1287,"description":2074},"8b0b9c2c-3cd4-4cf2-b28a-60b7d198f4e9","Pancreatic disease is a condition in which the pancreas is not functioning, leading to a range of health problems. Lifestyle risk factors include excessive alcohol consumption and smoking.  This condition can result from genetic predispositions or medical conditions like diabetes or autoimmune disorders.",[],"Various lipases are found in the human body. Lipases are digestive enzymes that are produced in the pancreas. They are needed by the body for the digestion of fats. This is the only way the body can digest dietary fats as well as use its own fat reserves for energy production. Excessively high lipase levels can indicate acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, kidney weakness or chronic alcohol consumption. Levels may also be elevated after an X-ray examination of the bile ducts and in patients being treated in an intensive care unit.",[2078,2080,2082],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2079,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"cb90496b-7d7b-4e14-a26a-ef29c2f0abc0",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2081,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"1e9b375e-33fd-427e-ac71-84a244b44d08",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2083,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"5458fb1a-8d6a-476c-9e8a-f7378bf640b5",{"id":2085,"_uid":2086,"name":2087,"effects":2088,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2085,"treatment":109,"categories":2089,"description":2090,"faqs_shared":2091,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2092,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2093,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2094,"linearSubrangeNames":2095,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2103,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2104,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"ASAT","e8336449-490f-4cfb-98e9-b8246c9e469c","Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)",[],[1738],"ASAT is an enzyme found in many body cells—especially in the liver, heart, and muscles—and is released into the blood when cells are damaged.",[],[],[],"ASAT is an enzyme that helps with normal cell metabolism. It is mainly found in the liver, but also in the kidneys, heart muscle, and regular muscle tissue. When cells in these organs are used up or damaged—due to inflammation, blood flow problems, or simply overuse or physical activity—ASAT can be released into the blood in larger amounts.\n\nElevated levels alone do not indicate the source of the damage. Therefore, ASAT is usually assessed together with other liver markers to better determine the cause.\n",[2096,2098,2100],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2097,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c4fc6f16-ca52-49bf-83e5-1ccd0c65d8a5",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2099,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"11e98e14-408f-4ccb-b1bf-fef6da011bcc",{"Text":2101,"_uid":2102,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"At Risk","bcc4997f-89ee-4eff-8ca2-3ccebaaa5ce8","A low ASAT level is medically unremarkable and has no disease significance. It indicates normal cell function.","An elevated ASAT level can indicate mostly acute cell damage. In the liver, the level rises relatively quickly, for example, after alcohol consumption, liver inflammation, a fatty diet, but also due to medications, certain supplements, and foods. Elevated ASAT levels can also be detected after muscle activity.\nTo differentiate the cause, a joint assessment with other laboratory values is always necessary. A one-off slightly elevated value is often temporary, significantly elevated or persistently abnormal values should be analysed more closely.",{"id":2106,"_uid":2107,"name":2108,"effects":2109,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2106,"treatment":109,"categories":2110,"description":2111,"faqs_shared":2112,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2113,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2114,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2115,"deprecatedFields":109,"linearSubrangeNames":2116,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2127,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2128,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"TSH","e0520d24-88f8-4c42-a72a-69190c56f07d","Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)",[],[2011],"TSH is the thyroid-regulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid to produce its hormones – it indicates how well the thyroid function is regulated.",[],[],[],"TSH is produced in the pituitary gland and controls the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones regulate many body functions such as metabolism, energy balance, heart rate, and temperature. When there is too little thyroid hormone, TSH levels rise to stimulate the thyroid to produce more. Conversely, TSH levels decrease when there is an excess of hormones in the blood. For this reason, the TSH level is the most important initial laboratory test to assess thyroid function.\n",[2117,2119,2121,2123,2125],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2118,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"158005d9-d5f6-4147-951b-96d7910b3bc5",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2120,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e6cae6e5-090d-44a4-af6b-6d74f0bf32b7",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2122,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"018cb0c2-fd39-47d1-b47d-13ff05842cac",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2124,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"fab95dc6-3df3-4d5a-a454-e2f9ec7190d0",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2126,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8f1ea34f-eca5-4fe0-9268-7f8852f7f57c","A low TSH value can indicate hyperthyroidism, in which too many hormones are produced. Possible symptoms include nervousness, sweating, weight loss or palpitations. Rarely, a low TSH value can also be caused by a disorder in the pituitary gland.\nAs hormone levels often fluctuate and are very sensitive, the guidelines state that it is sufficient to have this value checked again in approx. 4 weeks. If it is then normal, nothing needs to be done.","An elevated TSH value usually indicates an underactive thyroid gland in which too few hormones are produced. Typical signs are tiredness, listlessness, weight gain or sensitivity to cold. In the early stages (latent hypothyroidism), the symptoms are often still inconspicuous. As hormone levels often fluctuate and are very sensitive, the guidelines state that it is sufficient to repeat the test in approx. 4 weeks. If it is then normal, nothing needs to be done.",{"id":2130,"_uid":2131,"name":2132,"effects":2133,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2130,"treatment":109,"categories":2134,"description":2135,"faqs_shared":2136,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2137,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2138,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2139,"linearSubrangeNames":2140,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2147,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2148,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"ALAT","72ffcfb4-a0f2-4221-9e87-3dcde696cd3f","Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)",[],[1738],"ALAT is a liver enzyme that is primarily found in liver cells – elevated levels in the blood usually indicate liver damage or irritation.",[],[],[],"ALAT is an enzyme involved in protein metabolism and is found almost exclusively in the liver. When liver cells are damaged or irritated – for example, due to inflammation, alcohol, medication, or fatty liver – ALAT is released into the blood. It is therefore considered a sensitive marker of liver health. Since ALAT is more liver-specific than ASAT, an elevated level can usually be directly linked to the liver. To better assess the cause, additional liver markers such as ASAT, GGT, or Bilirubin are usually considered.\n",[2141,2143,2145],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2142,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"debe1d02-ea04-4e5a-afcf-fa88dc62ecd6",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2144,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"dca0dad3-d240-41a0-b3ac-c321be1afb71",{"Text":2101,"_uid":2146,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ba8630af-1417-422c-a3b2-a2cdc3df0d5a","A low ALAT level is unproblematic and indicates healthy liver function.\n","Ein erhöhter ALAT-Wert spricht meist für eine Belastung oder Schädigung der Leber. Häufige Ursachen sind Fettleber, ungesunde Ernährung, Übergewicht, Alkohol oder Medikamente  Auch vorübergehende Erhöhungen nach intensiver körperlicher Belastung sind möglich. \nEine Fettleber kann vermutet werden bei gleichzeitigem Übergewicht (metabolisches Syndrom), auffälligen Blutfetten, hohen GGT- oder Ferritinwerten.",{"id":2150,"_uid":2151,"name":2152,"effects":2153,"category":1738,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2150,"treatment":109,"categories":2154,"description":2155,"faqs_shared":2156,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2157,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2158,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2159,"linearSubrangeNames":2160,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2169,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2170,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"AP","4b5e7267-3b93-442e-b4ef-923cb40ad912","Alkaline Phosphatase (Measured optionally)",[],[1738],"Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the liver, bones, and bile ducts – it plays a role in bone formation and bile excretion.",[],[],[],"Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme mainly produced in the liver, bile ducts, and bones. It supports phosphate transport and the remodeling of bone tissue. An elevated level may indicate a bile duct obstruction, liver disease, or increased bone activity — for example during growth, after bone fractures, or in certain bone disorders. For a more accurate assessment, it is always considered alongside other liver and bone markers, such as GGT, Bilirubin, or Calcium.\n",[2161,2163,2165,2167],{"Text":1147,"_uid":2162,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8a4f1b87-59f0-446d-81a8-18fa4aab9dbc",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2164,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"901c7eaf-ee45-4de5-9a3e-7afa4e7dea5c",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2166,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8bdd152d-9a80-4050-9554-bd9a56779004",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2168,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"0371280e-a4e0-4b04-a26a-85b835dd643b","A low level is rarely problematic. It can occur with malnutrition, hypothyroidism, or under the influence of hormones (as a sign of reduced bone remodeling). Most of the time, a low value has no clinical significance.","An elevated level may indicate irritation of the bile ducts (e.g., due to bile stasis or inflammation) or increased bone activity. In adults, a possible cause in the liver or skeletal system should be investigated—especially if other laboratory values are also abnormal.",{"id":2172,"_uid":2173,"name":2174,"effects":2175,"category":1041,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2174,"treatment":109,"categories":2176,"description":2178,"faqs_shared":2179,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2180,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2181,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2182,"linearSubrangeNames":2183,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2194,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2195,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"URIC","f2e9002d-f9ef-45a5-a529-c66319329b52","Uric Acid",[],[2177],"fb0b7d89-9cbb-444d-a4b4-7e7494ac0670","Uric acid is a waste product from the metabolism of purines—the building blocks of DNA, which are especially found in protein-rich foods—and is excreted by the kidneys.",[],[],[],"Uric acid is produced during the breakdown of purines, which occur naturally in the body or are consumed through food. The uric acid level provides insights into protein and purine metabolism, kidney excretion, and alternative energy production (such as the formation of acidic ketones) or catabolic metabolism—for example, during exercise on an empty stomach.\n\nNormally, uric acid is excreted by the kidneys. If excretion is impaired, ketone production is high, or dietary intake is excessive, uric acid can accumulate in the blood. Persistently high concentrations can lead to the formation of uric acid crystals—mainly in the joints (gout) or kidneys (stones). Uric acid levels are strongly influenced by lifestyle and respond to factors such as diet (especially meat, particularly organ meats and seafood), alcohol consumption, and body weight.\n\nIn individuals with active gout, lower uric acid targets—similar to cholesterol management—are pursued to prevent further attacks and chronic kidney damage. However, gout attacks are extremely rare in healthy, young individuals.",[2184,2186,2188,2190,2192],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2185,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8789545b-a7c2-4a8b-b4e6-6a86c982d345",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2187,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"0c5608d1-6d64-4efb-b7ef-2e69fc7fbedf",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2189,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"2b4511f3-7dc6-4472-ab79-111f6aabb502",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2191,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"65a16ab3-caa3-448e-83f1-91b1e8f4e426",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2193,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"124b404c-3848-4067-91dd-244e32cdd00b","Low uric acid levels are not officially considered clinically significant. However, observational studies have linked very low uric acid levels to potential malnutrition and suggest that the loss of its antioxidant effects may be associated with an increased risk of mortality.","An elevated uric acid level may indicate reduced excretion by the kidneys, a purine-rich diet, alcohol consumption, or excess weight—often in combination. Persistently high levels can lead to crystal deposits in the joints (gout attacks) or the formation of kidney stones. Dietary changes, sufficient fluid intake, and especially weight reduction can help normalize uric acid levels. If active gout is present and multiple attacks have already occurred, uric acid-lowering medications should also be considered.\n\nYoung, active individuals with elevated uric acid levels should be mindful not to trigger alternative energy production and should ensure adequate carbohydrate intake before engaging in physical activity.",{"id":2197,"_uid":2198,"name":2199,"effects":2200,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2201,"description":2202,"faqs_shared":2203,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2204,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2205,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2206,"linearSubrangeNames":2207,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2222,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2223,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"UREA_MEDICS","d7d01d54-e3dc-434a-839b-2e372cb68e97","Urea",[],[2177],"Urea is a breakdown product of protein metabolism and is excreted through the kidneys in the urine – it serves as a marker for protein turnover and kidney function.",[],[],[],"Urea is produced in the liver during the breakdown of proteins from food or the body's own tissues. It travels through the blood to the kidneys, where it is excreted. The blood urea level provides insights into protein intake, metabolism, and (especially in older people) kidney function. It is sensitive to many factors—such as diet, fluid intake, or physical exertion. It is important to always interpret the value in the context of kidney function to understand it correctly.\nUrea can also be used experimentally to optimize protein supply.",[2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2209,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"73c127a2-6804-4a69-a7c4-390b5e3176fc",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2211,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"32a41b28-0b58-4ef8-b780-8cb999b7bc86",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2213,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"10d0f87e-26f9-4d1b-9a96-fd806e37e9b2",{"Text":1049,"_uid":2215,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"d50ea266-4d48-4f04-b43c-518a8b41f1a0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2217,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"eea2b755-4f92-49cc-84ab-245a279b4edb",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2219,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ab44a5d5-4fb4-4111-99f9-1dd621c11b44",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2221,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"c5c076c0-c112-4043-b597-041cc9016971","A low urea level can occur with a low-protein diet, liver dysfunction, or high fluid intake. In most cases, a low value is not concerning, as long as there are no other abnormal lab results or symptoms. It can be interpreted as a signal to consider increasing the protein content in the diet.","An elevated urea level can result from a very high-protein diet, dehydration, or, less commonly, impaired kidney function.\n\nIn such cases, it may be advisable to reduce protein intake to the upper recommended daily limit for athletes—1.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight.",{"id":2225,"_uid":2198,"name":2199,"effects":2226,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2227,"description":2228,"faqs_shared":2229,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2230,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2231,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2232,"linearSubrangeNames":2233,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2222,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2223,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"UREA",[],[2177],"Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys in the urine—it serves as a marker for protein turnover and kidney function.",[],[],[],"Urea is produced in the liver during the breakdown of proteins from food or the body’s own tissue. It travels through the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is excreted. The urea level in the blood provides insight into protein intake, metabolism, and—especially in older adults—kidney function. It is sensitive to many factors, such as diet, fluid intake, and physical activity.\n\nUrea can also be used to help optimize protein intake, making it a useful marker for managing protein consumption.\n",[2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2235,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4ba7b990-ec34-4fcd-9203-f7c909bf1ccd",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2237,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"02d6dbfa-66c6-43bc-961f-336c3a65d045",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2239,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"d8742d65-2799-4145-adae-3ec8a3e20138",{"Text":1049,"_uid":2241,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"e06085f8-1412-443e-a5ba-2579ae17bbf9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2243,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"cbf0fbe6-8691-45c6-8f44-fab3d6426071",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2245,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"30fc30b8-43b8-45db-9e97-c1f4729d95cb",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2247,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d3922c78-d3b5-4e47-acb4-a98f66fd8e7b",{"id":2249,"_uid":2250,"name":2251,"effects":2252,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2253,"treatment":109,"categories":2254,"description":2255,"faqs_shared":2256,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2257,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2258,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2259,"linearSubrangeNames":2260,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2269,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2270,"longDescriptionRichText":2271,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"CYSC","925e70b7-35c1-4ce0-86ae-49e95af49980","Cystatin (Measured optionally)",[],"Cystatin C",[1950],"Cystatin C is a protein produced by all body cells and is considered a sensitive marker for kidney function—often more accurate than creatinine.",[],[],[],"Cystatin C is constantly released into the blood by all body cells and is almost completely filtered by the kidneys. Because its concentration in the blood is less affected by muscle mass, age, or gender than Creatinine, this value is particularly suitable for assessing kidney function — even in older people, athletes, those taking creatine supplements, or individuals with low muscle mass. From the Cystatin C value, a more precise estimated kidney function can be calculated, which can indicate early stages of kidney impairment — often before creatinine levels become abnormal.\n\nCystatin C is automatically measured if a high Creatinine level is detected.\nNormal Cystatin C levels alongside elevated creatinine levels still confirm good kidney function.\n\n",[2261,2263,2265,2267],{"Text":1147,"_uid":2262,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"d3f1a80b-556e-4d50-a78d-fa9db2f24917",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2264,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"96cd30b7-3951-42ef-ac7b-e0630e98f7a8",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2266,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"1d370fe0-0f52-43e5-bca3-2ec4e67f9bae",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2268,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4f67a54e-fab2-4098-b14d-aaeb3a73e077","A low Cystatin C level indicates very good kidney function. It is generally harmless and not medically concerning.\n","An elevated cystatin C value can indicate incipient or already impaired kidney function - often even before creatinine changes. However, the calculation of kidney function is much more important here.",{"type":2272,"content":2273},"doc",[2274,2280],{"type":2275,"content":2276},"paragraph",[2277],{"text":2278,"type":2279},"Cystatin C ist ein körpereigenes Protein. Eine Erhöhung von Cystatin C im Blut ist ein Hinweis auf eine gestörte Nierenfunktion. Die Höhe des Messwerts im Blut gibt Rückschlüsse auf die Gesundheit der Nieren, ausserdem kann ein erhöhter Wert Hinweise auf bestimmte Autoimmunerkrankungen geben. Häufigste Gründe für eine Niereninsuffizienz sind Bluthochdruck und Diabetes. Eine Ernährung mit viel Salz und Phosphat kann eine Niereninsuffizienz ebenfalls begünstigen.","text",{"type":2275,"content":2281},[2282],{"text":2283,"type":2279},"Die Konzentration von Cystatin C ist unabhängig von Geschlecht, Muskelmasse und Proteinaufnahme sowie vom Lebensalter ab dem ersten Lebensjahr und von Metaboliten/Medikamenten, die die Kreatininbestimmung beeinflussen könnten. Cystatin C trägt besonders dazu bei, die Diagnose der Nierenfunktion im \"Kreatininblinden Bereich\" zu verbessern.",{"id":2285,"_uid":2286,"name":2287,"effects":2288,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2287,"treatment":109,"categories":2289,"description":2290,"faqs_shared":2291,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2292,"subBiomarkers":2293,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2294,"linearSubrangeNames":2295,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"GFRBI","6a6f5d69-33a0-4b6a-ae0e-f13a7b528069","Kidney Function (BIS1) ",[],[1950],"eGFR stands for estimated GFR, which is the estimated glomerular filtration rate, a measure of renal function.",[],[],[],"Kidney function can be calculated using eGFR. Kidney function is measured by how well the kidneys cleanse the blood of waste products. The eGFR is determined using a mathematical formula and the creatinine or cystatin C value. In addition to creatinine/cystatin C, factors such as age and gender are included in the eGFR calculation. People with renal insufficiency have a decreased eGFR, this is divided into 5 stages. Common causes of renal insufficiency are hypertension and diabetes. A diet high in salt and phosphate can also promote renal insufficiency.",[2296,2298,2300],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2297,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"26bc3096-37cd-47a7-8b20-2ab3630401a2",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2299,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"888f28e4-2c83-40ee-812a-204590d51b15",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2301,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"bfc996a2-48a5-4658-991b-8aa854d80968",{"id":2303,"_uid":2286,"name":2304,"effects":2305,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2306,"treatment":109,"categories":2307,"description":2308,"faqs_shared":2309,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2310,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2311,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2312,"linearSubrangeNames":2313,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2317,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2318,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"GFRCY","Kidney Function (Cystatin) (Measured optionally)",[],"Kidney function (Cystatin)",[1950],"The eGFR based on Cystatin C shows how well the kidneys filter the blood—independently of muscle mass, supplementation, and physical constitution.",[],[],[],"The eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) is a calculated value that indicates the kidneys’ filtering capacity—specifically, how much blood is cleansed per minute. When Cystatin C is used instead of creatinine as the basis, the estimate is especially reliable in older adults, highly active individuals, those taking creatine supplements, or people with very low or high muscle mass. This method is sensitive to early changes in kidney function and helps detect even the initial stages of kidney impairment.\n\nThe measurement is a strong alternative to creatinine-based kidney function assessments and—when performed—is considered significantly more accurate. At CARE, kidney function is typically assessed via Cystatin C automatically in cases of elevated creatinine levels.\n",[2314,2315,2316],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2297,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2299,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2301,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"A low value indicates impaired kidney function. Depending on the severity, this may represent early, moderate, or advanced kidney impairment. Thresholds for interpretation vary significantly with age. In general, clinically relevant kidney dysfunction is diagnosed when the value falls below 60 ml/min, though monitoring the progression over time is especially important. Kidney function below 45 ml/min is considered advanced, and below 30 ml/min as severe.\n\nThe main causes of chronic kidney disease include high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar levels. Other contributing factors may include recurring kidney infections, an enlarged prostate, heart problems, elevated uric acid levels, an unhealthy lifestyle, and certain medications.\n\nAcute kidney impairment typically requires further evaluation, though it is often temporary and may result from dehydration or recent physical activity.\n","A high eGFR value generally indicates that the kidneys are functioning very well and is not considered clinically concerning.",{"id":2320,"_uid":2286,"name":2321,"effects":2322,"category":1950,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2321,"treatment":109,"categories":2323,"description":2324,"faqs_shared":2325,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2326,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2327,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2328,"linearSubrangeNames":2329,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2333,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2334,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"GLOK","Kidney Function (Creatinine)",[],[1950],"Kidney function, or eGFR (\"estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate\"), is a calculated value that indicates how well the kidneys are filtering the blood. It is one of the most important indicators of kidney function and is derived from age, sex, and creatinine levels.",[],[],[],"Kidney function is typically estimated using creatinine levels along with age and sex. It indicates how many milliliters of blood the kidneys can filter per minute. This value is more sensitive than creatinine alone, as it accounts for individual differences in muscle mass. eGFR is used in clinical practice to detect early signs of kidney impairment and, most importantly, to monitor its progression over time. The lower the value, the more limited the kidneys' filtering ability.\n\nKidney function is a sensitive marker of organ health—especially heart health—and can be a valuable indicator for general health prognosis.\n",[2330,2331,2332],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2297,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2299,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2301,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"A low eGFR value indicates impaired kidney function. Depending on the severity, this may represent early, moderate, or advanced kidney impairment. The thresholds vary significantly with age. In general, a diagnosis of relevant kidney dysfunction is made when eGFR falls below 60 ml/min, though the progression over time is most important. Kidney function below 45 ml/min is considered advanced, and below 30 ml/min as severe.\n\nThe main causes of chronic kidney disease are high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar levels. Other contributing factors include recurrent kidney infections, an enlarged prostate, heart problems, elevated uric acid levels, an unhealthy lifestyle, and certain medications.\n\nLower eGFR values may also appear during ongoing creatine supplementation; however, this does not necessarily indicate kidney dysfunction (so creatine can still be taken). In most cases, CARE will automatically determine the alternative marker Cystatin C to definitively rule out kidney impairment. If this has not been done and/or you want more certainty, you could pause creatine 2 weeks before the next test.\n\nAcute kidney issues should generally be investigated but are often temporary—caused by dehydration or recent physical exertion.","A high eGFR value generally indicates that the kidneys are functioning very well. In cases of exceptionally high values, a miscalculation may sometimes occur due to very low creatinine levels (e.g. from low muscle mass)—typically without clinical significance.",{"id":2336,"_uid":2337,"name":2338,"effects":2339,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2341,"description":2342,"faqs_shared":2343,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2344,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2345,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2346,"linearSubrangeNames":2347,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2358,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2359,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"LC","637c30e5-363c-427f-ba8f-eb29f6fc80d3","White Blood Cells",[],"894cf2e0-1612-4780-b4a5-217cc84a49c8",[2340]," White blood cells (leukocytes) are the cells of the immune system - they help the body to fight infections and to recognise and eliminate foreign substances.",[],[],[],"White blood cells (leukocytes) play a central role in the defence against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. They circulate in the blood and tissue and are involved in inflammatory processes, immune reactions and tissue repair. The measured leukocyte value indicates the total number of these cells per microlitre of blood. It reacts sensitively to various physical conditions - from acute infections and chronic inflammation to stress, the effects of medication or bone marrow disorders. For a more precise assessment, we also produce a differential blood count, which analyses the individual subgroups (e.g. neutrophils, basophils and eosinophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes).",[2348,2350,2352,2354,2356],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2349,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"3ff7ab66-88d1-449b-a80d-c1166776f384",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2351,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"86325707-fdc9-4f4e-9a80-21f67b81a244",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2353,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"9b06785e-a9e3-4798-8edf-beb5784e8485",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2355,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"b0c7aa56-57fc-4a88-bb46-a3228c6aa219",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2357,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d11ff583-b731-4329-8cc5-1c2938979e11","A low white blood cell count can indicate a (usually temporary) weakened immune defense. Common causes include recent viral infections, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, or impaired bone marrow function. Intense physical exertion (the so-called “open window” effect after exercise) or vitamin deficiencies (e.g., B12, folic acid) can also contribute. As mentioned, this condition is usually temporary and recovers over time. Attention is only required for repeatedly very low values or selective abnormalities in the subtypes.","An elevated white blood cell count (leukocytosis) often occurs during acute infections, inflammation, stress, physical exertion, or after surgery. Smoking, corticosteroids, or other medications can also temporarily raise the count. In cases of significantly elevated levels (>20), a disorder of the hematopoietic system may be present—such as a chronic inflammation or leukemia. What matters is whether the elevated value is temporary or persistent, and whether there are accompanying symptoms or abnormalities in the differential blood count.",{"id":2361,"_uid":2362,"name":2363,"effects":2364,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2365,"description":2366,"faqs_shared":2367,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2368,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2369,"disclaimerText":2370,"longDescription":2371,"linearSubrangeNames":2372,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2383,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2384,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"NEU3","bc07397e-6f3e-4381-a6b4-b5a91b9d50aa","Neutrophils",[],[2340],"Neutrophils are the most common white blood cells and form the immune system's first line of defence against bacteria and other pathogens.",[],[],[],"Attention: This biomarker was measured using a different laboratory or laboratory method. For assessing progress, focus on the zone (color category) rather than the numerical value.","Neutrophil granulocytes belong to the group of leukocytes (white blood cells) and make up the majority of them. They are particularly important for the rapid defence against bacterial infections. As soon as the body reacts to a pathogen or inflammation, neutrophils are released into the tissue, where they recognise pathogens, absorb them and render them harmless. The values can fluctuate greatly depending on the situation, e.g. in the case of infections, stress or medication.",[2373,2375,2377,2379,2381],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2374,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7f9114fc-eafc-4b61-8b3f-520804d56418",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2376,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"7e11f7da-2e60-4a91-9d1b-bc7e4b83f178",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2378,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"1540138f-6e43-4d36-a037-85d5dc97115c",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2380,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"37d93420-6f91-44c3-9162-60342397c52a",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2382,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"fff174df-d7dd-4054-8e5c-a72b6fa3731e","A low neutrophil count (neutropenia) can indicate a weakened immune defence. Causes include, for example, past viral infections, certain medications, autoimmune diseases or bone marrow disorders. Pronounced neutropenia increases the risk of bacterial infections - especially if it is severe. In such cases, close monitoring or further investigations are necessary.","An elevated neutrophil count often occurs during acute bacterial infections, but also in response to physical stress, after surgery, in cases of inflammation, or when taking certain medications such as corticosteroids. Smoking, overweight, or chronic conditions can also lead to increased levels. These elevated values are usually temporary.",{"id":2386,"_uid":2362,"name":2387,"effects":2388,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2390,"description":2391,"faqs_shared":2392,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2393,"subBiomarkers":2397,"longDescription":2398,"linearSubrangeNames":2399,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"NEUTA","Neutrophil % of WBC",[],"ee3d6155-385e-4fd1-b1bd-772d49b846c4",[2389],"Neutrophils represent the largest portion of white blood cells (leukocytes) - they serve to defend against pathogens.",[],[2394],{"_uid":2395,"name":2396,"component":1287,"description":109},"109ffa12-f7f7-4111-b1e3-6f03ec3e73a6","Infections",[],"Neutrophils represent the largest proportion of white blood cells (leukocytes). Their main task is the defense against pathogens (bacteria and viruses). In many cases, the increased number of neutrophils is a necessary response of the body for healing or to ward off invading microorganisms or foreign bodies. Infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites can increase the number of neutrophils in the blood.",[],{"id":2401,"_uid":2402,"name":2403,"effects":2404,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2405,"description":2406,"faqs_shared":2407,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2408,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2409,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2410,"linearSubrangeNames":2411,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2420,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2421,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"MON3","4913ecf5-cb87-48d8-8ec7-ac267bc7a5c3","Monocytes",[],[2340],"Monocytes are a subgroup of white blood cells and play an important role in the defence against pathogens and in the regulation of inflammatory processes.",[],[],[],"Monocytes are part of the immune system and belong to the so-called phagocytes. They initially circulate in the blood and, if necessary, migrate into the tissue, where they develop into macrophages or dendritic cells. There they recognise foreign substances, absorb pathogens and present their components to the rest of the immune system. Monocytes are not only active in infections, but are also involved in wound healing, the removal of dead cells and the regulation of inflammation. Their proportion in the blood is normally small, but important.",[2412,2414,2416,2418],{"Text":1147,"_uid":2413,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"5032ac34-b7ac-422c-890f-c3f130c6c8ad",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2415,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"8aba8eec-16c5-42b0-bb8a-299afe494595",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2417,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"bfc4297f-8f29-4a50-9b16-a293863cc322",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2419,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"dbd6bc9d-ec5d-4384-b571-a7c247ec70bc","A monocyte count that is too low is rare and usually occurs as part of a general reduction in white blood cells. Causes can be acute infections, certain blood diseases or medication. The reason for the reduction is usually found when analysing the other cell subgroups.","An elevated monocyte count can occur in certain bacterial infections, chronic inflammatory diseases (such as Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis), after recovery from an infection or in some forms of leukaemia. The value can also be elevated in viral diseases or inflammatory reactions to cell degradation processes. An isolated increase is rare, usually accompanied by changes in other blood values. The exact classification is made in the overall context of the laboratory results and the clinical situation.",{"id":2423,"_uid":2402,"name":2424,"effects":2425,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2426,"description":2427,"faqs_shared":2428,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2429,"subBiomarkers":2432,"longDescription":2433,"linearSubrangeNames":2434,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"MONO","Monocyte % of WBC",[],[2389],"Monocytes are the precursors of \"phagocytes\", which play an important role in immune defense.",[],[2430],{"_uid":2431,"name":2396,"component":1287,"description":109},"14e8e2bc-6345-44fb-8ad3-700b2448276f",[],"Monocytes are the largest cells and belong to the white blood cells. They are formed in the bone marrow and subsequently transform into phagocytes. They play an important role in the immune defense, as they can absorb invading pathogens. An increased monocyte count often occurs in infections and inflammations, especially in tuberculosis or malaria. In addition, monocytes can also be increased in autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease or certain types of cancer (for example, leukemia).",[],{"id":2436,"_uid":2437,"name":2438,"effects":2439,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2440,"description":2441,"faqs_shared":2442,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2443,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2444,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2445,"linearSubrangeNames":2446,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2457,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2458,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"LYA3","327f82f1-ad82-42cd-a644-80c08503ec21","Lymphocytes",[],[2340],"Lymphocytes are specialised white blood cells that play a central role in the immune defence against viruses, bacteria and cancer cells.",[],[],[],"Lymphocytes are among the most important cells of the immune system. They develop in the bone marrow and mature in lymphatic organs such as the thymus and lymph nodes and are then stored in the spleen. There are various subgroups, including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, each of which perform different tasks in the immune defence system. T cells control and regulate immune reactions, B cells produce antibodies and natural killer cells recognise and destroy infected or malignant cells. Lymphocytes react primarily to viral infections, but also to chronic inflammation, autoimmune processes and tumour cells.\n",[2447,2449,2451,2453,2455],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2448,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"28bac2bc-977d-46cc-81db-56a33e9e8127",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2450,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"f9e43f31-39f8-4d95-8486-6e0c03d21060",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2452,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"003b3e3e-cfaa-4c37-876c-23dc62440385",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2454,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e15148b9-9236-414b-849b-46ac89ee1bea",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2456,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"b802f853-21f2-4440-8e6b-0ea076938928","A low lymphocyte count, also known as lymphopenia, can occur during acute infections, after severe illnesses, under significant stress, or due to certain medications such as corticosteroids. In cases of cancer or immune deficiency conditions, it may remain persistently low. Mild lymphopenia is usually temporary. However, if levels are significantly or persistently low, targeted evaluation is recommended—especially if there are accompanying symptoms or increased susceptibility to infections.","An elevated lymphocyte count, also known as lymphocytosis, often occurs during viral infections such as mononucleosis, hepatitis, or influenza. It can also be seen in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or more rarely in certain leukemias and lymphomas. In most cases, lymphocytosis is benign and resolves once the infection subsides.",{"id":2460,"_uid":2437,"name":2461,"effects":2462,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2463,"description":2464,"faqs_shared":2465,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2466,"subBiomarkers":2469,"longDescription":2470,"linearSubrangeNames":2471,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"LYA","Lymphocyte % of WBC",[],[2389],"Lymphocytes are a subgroup of white blood cells (leukocytes) and have an important function in the targeted defense against infections.",[],[2467],{"_uid":2468,"name":2396,"component":1287,"description":109},"60a2e533-d83c-4927-8e4a-90541573725a",[],"Lymphocytes are a subgroup of white blood cells (leukocytes). Their main task is the targeted defense against foreign substances, especially infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. An increase in lymphocytes is found in viral infections such as viral hepatitis, cytomegaly, herpes infections and rubella. In addition, an elevated laboratory value can indicate acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This form of leukemia is caused by degenerated malignant lymphocytes.",[],{"id":2473,"_uid":2474,"name":2475,"effects":2476,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2477,"description":2478,"faqs_shared":2479,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2480,"subBiomarkers":2484,"longDescription":2485,"linearSubrangeNames":2486,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"EOS","96329e7a-f047-4505-92e2-d531259a04c1","Eosinophil % of WBC",[],[2389],"Eosinophils are white blood cells (leukocytes) that play an important role in the body's response to allergic reactions, asthma, as well as infections with parasites.",[],[2481],{"_uid":2482,"name":2483,"component":1287,"description":109},"cca2624e-3691-4b91-ba29-a488ca53b282","Allergies",[],"Eosinophil granulocytes belong to the leukocytes. If there are too many eosinophil granulocytes in the blood, this is known as eosinophilia. It usually occurs during the healing phase of an infectious disease. Other possible causes include allergies, asthma, parasite infestation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and certain cancers such as Hodgkin's lymphoma or leukemia. ",[],{"id":2488,"_uid":2474,"name":2489,"effects":2490,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2491,"description":2492,"faqs_shared":2493,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2494,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2495,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2496,"linearSubrangeNames":2497,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2504,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2505,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"EOS3","Eosinophils",[],[2340],"Eosinophils are specialised white blood cells that play an important role in allergic reactions and in the defence against parasites.",[],[],[],"Eosinophils belong to the group of granulocytes and therefore to the white blood cells. They are particularly active in allergic reactions, autoimmune processes and in the defence against parasites. Compared to other immune cells, they only make up a small proportion of leucocytes, but can increase significantly in certain diseases. The eosinophil count can provide indications of certain immunological or allergic processes.",[2498,2500,2502],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2499,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"2c23ed78-bdd4-4d06-993c-c1b87585c8ed",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2501,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"75a52011-c83a-4679-9de7-227078fc8be0",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2503,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"f140aa25-e07f-437c-8b40-7bb3fecb97dd","A low eosinophil count is rarely of independent clinical significance. It can occur during acute infections, stress, the use of corticosteroids, or physical exertion. Typically, an isolated deficiency is not pathological and does not require specific investigation.\n","An elevated eosinophil count, also known as eosinophilia, can occur in allergic conditions such as asthma, hay fever, or atopic dermatitis. Parasitic infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune processes, or certain skin disorders can also raise the count. In rare cases (with significantly elevated levels), an underlying blood disorder or eosinophilic inflammation of organs may be the cause. Depending on the extent of the elevation and accompanying symptoms, further investigation may be appropriate.",{"id":2507,"_uid":2508,"name":2509,"effects":2510,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2511,"description":2512,"faqs_shared":2513,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2514,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2515,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2516,"linearSubrangeNames":2517,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2524,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2525,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"BAS3","36bc23a8-53e8-44db-b2fa-23584a048dff","Basophils",[],[2340],"Basophils are a small subgroup of white blood cells that play a role in allergic reactions and certain inflammatory processes.",[],[],[],"Basophil granulocytes are the rarest representatives of white blood cells and normally make up less than one per cent of them. They contain numerous messenger substances such as histamine and heparin, which are released on contact with certain stimuli - for example in the case of allergic reactions. As a result, they contribute to the dilation of blood vessels, increase the permeability of tissue and attract other immune cells. ",[2518,2520,2522],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2519,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"4ae14611-3759-425e-befb-356ec13ece2f",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2521,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"9f3426ba-7667-40cd-aa98-9081ccc9f4ff",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2523,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"df278290-4ec7-4640-9f64-48cb34e4e948","A decreased basophil count is generally not a concern and typically has no independent medical significance. The count may temporarily drop during acute infections, stress, or when taking corticosteroids. In most cases, this is entirely harmless and does not require further investigation.","An elevated basophil count is rare and occasionally occurs in chronic inflammatory diseases, intestinal disorders, allergic reactions, thyroid conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism), or certain blood disorders. Whether an elevated basophil count is clinically relevant depends on the degree of elevation and the overall findings of the blood panel.",{"id":2527,"_uid":2508,"name":2528,"effects":2529,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2530,"description":2531,"faqs_shared":2532,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2533,"subBiomarkers":2536,"longDescription":2537,"linearSubrangeNames":2538,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"BASO","Basophile % of WBC",[],[2389],"Basophilic granulocytes are a small subgroup of white blood cells (leukocytes).",[],[2534],{"_uid":2535,"name":2396,"component":1287,"description":109},"70187c5d-d516-4e33-b472-00f39cbcfe0e",[],"Basophil granulocytes are involved, for example, in the defense against parasites. However, they can also be triggers of inflammatory reactions and allergic reactions. Together with mast cells, they play the key role in the defense against parasites. An increase in basophils together with eosinophils is found in chronic myeloid leukemia and in polycythemia or idiopathic myelofibrosis.",[],{"id":2540,"_uid":2541,"name":2542,"effects":2543,"category":2340,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2544,"treatment":109,"categories":2545,"description":2546,"faqs_shared":2547,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2548,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2549,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2550,"linearSubrangeNames":2551,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2560,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2561,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"CRPUS","86b40624-eb32-440f-a3dc-8e5d05148bde","hs-CRP",[],"CRP",[2340],"CRP (C-reactive protein) is a protein that is produced in the liver and rises rapidly when there is inflammation in the body - it serves as an important and sensitive marker for acute or chronic inflammatory processes.",[],[],[],"CRP is one of the so-called acute-phase proteins (like ferritin, for example) and rises in the blood when an inflammatory reaction occurs in the body. It is mainly produced in the case of infections, tissue damage or chronic inflammatory diseases, but also plays a role in modern cardiovascular risk assessment, as the sensitive CRP value also indicates micro-inflammation in the blood vessels due to obesity, visceral fat, smoking and an unhealthy lifestyle, among other things. It reacts very quickly - within a few hours - and is therefore a useful laboratory parameter for the early detection and monitoring of inflammation. The higher the value, the more likely an active inflammatory process is. CRP also helps to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections, as it typically rises more sharply in bacterial infections. The value must always be assessed in conjunction with other laboratory values and clinical symptoms.\n",[2552,2554,2556,2558],{"Text":1049,"_uid":2553,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"37e2d57b-8c8b-42eb-b83f-ae4210a13c36",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2555,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"35280b81-ed33-4900-8da6-5e4502aed8e8",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2557,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"09b011ff-80c2-4c5f-98e5-0bba18e6df84",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2559,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d34c4ad6-a0dd-49a1-ab6a-1c4feeb3b65c","A very low or undetectable CRP level is generally a good sign and indicates that there is currently no significant inflammatory process in the body. Healthy individuals typically have either no measurable CRP or only very low concentrations in the blood.","An elevated CRP level indicates an acute or chronic (micro-)inflammatory process in the body. Particularly high values usually point to bacterial infections, whereas increases in viral illnesses tend to be lower (with a general threshold around 50 mg/L). A consistently mildly elevated CRP level (over multiple measurements) may indicate micro-inflammation, for example in cases of overweight, unhealthy lifestyle, or chronic stress (values between 3–10 mg/L), and is commonly seen in the context of metabolic syndrome. Interpretation depends heavily on the level of elevation, its progression over time, and the overall clinical picture.",{"id":2563,"_uid":2564,"name":2565,"effects":2566,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2567,"treatment":109,"categories":2568,"description":2569,"faqs_shared":2570,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2571,"subBiomarkers":2572,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2573,"linearSubrangeNames":2574,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"FSH1_WA_FEMALE50","9abd6100-6c3d-4e06-9e73-6fb95524ea95","Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)",[],"FSH",[1222],"FSH plays an important role in stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and provides information about fertility and menopausal transitions.",[],[],[],"Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a critical hormone produced and released by the pituitary gland in the brain. In females, its main function is to stimulate the growth and development of ovarian follicles, which house the eggs. Understanding the role of FSH in reproductive health empowers women to make informed decisions about their fertility journey. \nIf FSH levels are too low, it can indicate a lack of proper stimulation by the pituitary gland, leading to difficulties in conceiving. Conversely, if FSH levels are too high, it suggests a decrease in decreased egg quantity or quality and diminished fertility. \nDuring menopause, FSH levels rise significantly as the ovaries become less responsive. This hormonal shift leads to fewer ovulations, the cessation of menstrual cycles, and various symptoms such as hot flashes, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Monitoring FSH levels through blood tests can provide insights into fertility and menopausal status.",[2575,2577,2579],{"Text":1060,"_uid":2576,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"4a5cd0c0-544f-426b-8986-96b6e8d64d7c",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2578,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"a8219df1-9c59-401c-9f15-2cc7a24ade82",{"Text":1060,"_uid":2580,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"90e41898-51c3-496a-9a0e-ab7f703fb459",{"id":2582,"_uid":2564,"name":2583,"effects":2584,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2567,"treatment":109,"categories":2585,"description":2586,"faqs_shared":2587,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2588,"subBiomarkers":2589,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2590,"linearSubrangeNames":2591,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FSH1","Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)",[],[1222,1224],"FSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the maturation of follicles in the ovaries. When measured early in the cycle, it helps assess fertility reserve.",[],[],[],"FSH is produced in the pituitary gland (hypophysis) and plays a key role in the first half of the menstrual cycle. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, thereby promoting the production of estradiol. FSH is measured early in the cycle—between cycle days 2 and 5—together with LH to assess ovarian function.\n\nAn elevated FSH level may indicate a reduced ovarian reserve, as seen in the natural aging process or in cases of premature ovarian insufficiency. A low FSH level is less common and may suggest impaired signaling in the brain, such as hypothalamic dysfunction due to stress, underweight, or intense physical activity.\n\nWhile FSH itself does not directly protect organs, it is essential for stable egg maturation and thus plays a vital role in fertility, cycle stability, and hormonal balance throughout the female endocrine system.",[2592,2594,2595,2597],{"Text":1147,"_uid":2593,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"65c1b56b-a697-4ef2-9516-30a817355f80",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2578,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2596,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"6f54f4e3-e221-42df-8c1a-c3aac1585c2e",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2598,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"b6ffc9a7-d1fc-4d52-9a7f-db76b932465c",{"id":2600,"_uid":2601,"name":2602,"effects":2603,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2604,"treatment":109,"categories":2605,"description":2607,"faqs_shared":2608,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2609,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2610,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2611,"linearSubrangeNames":2612,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2623,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2624,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"SHBG1","2849edfa-576a-47af-8e41-012c7a57ed52","Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)",[],"SHBG",[1224,2606,1222],"0a51b921-2587-47d3-b2a2-1d3b5d0f5366","SHBG is a protein that binds sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol in the blood. It regulates how much of these hormones are actually active in the body.",[],[],[],"SHBG (Sex hormone-binding globulin) is a transport protein that is primarily produced in the liver. It binds sex hormones in the blood – especially testosterone and estradiol – and thereby renders them temporarily inactive. Only the unbound portion, the so-called free hormone, is biologically active. The SHBG level directly influences how much free testosterone or free estradiol is available in the body. SHBG levels are affected by many factors – including age, sex, body weight, thyroid function, liver health, and lifestyle.",[2613,2615,2617,2619,2621],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2614,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"92219908-9043-4252-b143-969e1997e751",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2616,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a639ffdb-5919-4363-941c-99ff36abd079",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2618,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"4cedc350-4d8b-4bb5-8f41-c21426953776",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2620,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"f0b5bab1-61e0-4aae-bf2c-5fd97a2a9295",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2622,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"dd7b3db9-d451-4eaf-8bae-bd614ed11727","A low SHBG level leads to a higher amount of free, active testosterone circulating in the blood. In men, this can be desirable, for example in the context of muscle-building nutrition or exercise (anabolic metabolic state), but it can also be caused by overweight, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or liver diseases. Accordingly, the long-term risks of such a condition are more pronounced than with a more balanced lifestyle. In women, low SHBG levels may be associated with an excess of free testosterone, which can manifest as menstrual irregularities, acne, or increased body hair – for example in the case of PCOS.","A high SHBG level binds more sex hormones and thereby lowers the concentration of free, active hormones in the body. In men, this can lead to symptoms of hormone deficiency despite normal total testosterone levels – such as loss of libido, fatigue, or muscle loss. Common causes include underweight, hyperthyroidism, intense endurance training, or a negative calorie balance (catabolic metabolic state). In women, a high SHBG level can reduce the amount of free testosterone, which may present as low sexual desire or lack of energy.\nOn the other hand, high SHBG levels also indicate very good insulin sensitivity and thus reflect a healthy metabolic state in the long term.",{"id":2626,"_uid":2627,"name":2628,"effects":2629,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2630,"treatment":109,"categories":2631,"description":2632,"faqs_shared":2633,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2634,"TESTCATEGORY":2635,"subBiomarkers":2637,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2638,"linearSubrangeNames":2639,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ESTR1_WOMENSHEALTH_U50","c1a6f2bb-83f1-41c7-aa6c-538d9be56400","Estradiol (Early Follicular)",[],"Estradiol",[1222,1224],"Estradiol plays a central role in regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining reproductive health, and influencing fertility and menopausal transitions in females. Estradiol is the key female hormone that is produced as a product of oocyte maturation in the ovary or, in smaller amounts, can also be produced in adipose tissue from testosterone. It reflects reproductive health or fertility.",[],[],[2636],"5179c7d7-2b36-4228-bb1a-0d54de32f314",[],"Estradiol, a form of estrogen, is a female hormone mainly produced by the ovaries. The main function of Estradiol is to regulate the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.\nDuring the menstrual cycle, estradiol levels rise under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate the growth of the uterine lining and prepare it for a potential pregnancy. Estradiol also plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle, bone density maintenance, and cardiovascular health.\n\nLow estradiol levels may result from conditions such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency, or menopause.\nConversely, if estradiol levels are too high, it may be indicative of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hormone-producing tumors.\n\nMonitoring estradiol levels through blood tests can provide insights into fertility, hormonal balance, and menopausal status.\nMonitoring estradiol levels through blood tests can provide insights into fertility, hormonal balance, and menopausal status.\n",[2640,2642,2644,2646],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2641,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"fb89a34d-d534-4811-afa3-a21a1840f10b",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2643,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"5b45c4e1-fc59-4683-beb7-a0552e604db4",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2645,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"3db957d0-ae5d-437a-822a-f6b3860a7d75",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2647,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e612c75e-418e-4f48-bef9-178c036a54b1",{"id":2649,"_uid":2627,"name":2628,"effects":2650,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2630,"treatment":109,"categories":2651,"description":2632,"faqs_shared":2652,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2653,"TESTCATEGORY":2654,"subBiomarkers":2655,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2656,"linearSubrangeNames":2657,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ESTR1_WOMENSHEALTH_A50",[],[1222,1224],[],[],[2636],[],"Estradiol, a form of estrogen, is a female hormone mainly produced by the ovaries. The main function of Estradiol is to regulate the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.\nDuring the menstrual cycle, estradiol levels rise under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate the growth of the uterine lining and prepare it for a potential pregnancy. Estradiol also plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle, bone density maintenance, and cardiovascular health.\n\nLow estradiol levels may result from conditions such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency, or menopause.\nConversely, if estradiol levels are too high, it may be indicative of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hormone-producing tumors.\n\nMonitoring estradiol levels through blood tests can provide insights into fertility, hormonal balance, and menopausal status.",[2658,2660,2661,2662],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2659,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"1a67fcfa-25b9-4244-908b-d621a8ef5495",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2643,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2645,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2663,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a2fadd52-2d36-4589-b1ca-29fb8a689715",{"id":2665,"_uid":2627,"name":2666,"effects":2667,"category":1258,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2630,"treatment":109,"categories":2668,"description":2669,"faqs_shared":2670,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2671,"TESTCATEGORY":2672,"subBiomarkers":2673,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2674,"linearSubrangeNames":2675,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ESTR1","Estradiol (Post-Ovulatory)",[],[1224,1258],"Estradiol is the most important female sex hormone during the reproductive years. It regulates the menstrual cycle and influences the skin, mucous membranes, bones, blood vessels, and mood—and plays a key preventive role in many body systems.",[],[],[2636],[],"Estradiol is the most important and biologically active estrogen in the body. In women, it is primarily produced in the ovaries—especially throughout the menstrual cycle—and plays a central role in egg maturation, the buildup of the uterine lining, and the regulation of ovulation. Beyond reproduction, estradiol performs numerous systemic functions.\nEstradiol has a protective, multisystem effect: it strengthens the skin and mucous membranes, promotes blood flow and tissue elasticity, protects the inner lining of blood vessels, and supports stable blood pressure. In fat and glucose metabolism, it increases insulin sensitivity, reduces inflammation, and helps regulate body weight. One of its most important preventive roles is protecting bone mass: estradiol inhibits bone loss and thereby reduces the risk of osteoporosis. It also benefits the central nervous system—supporting serotonin production and activity, improving memory, sleep quality, and emotional stability, and potentially reducing the risk of depression or neurodegenerative diseases.\nA balanced estradiol level is therefore essential not only for fertility but also for the long-term prevention of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cognitive decline.\nCycle-based interpretation\nEarly cycle (Cycle days 2–5, Add-on Women’s Health):\n\nDuring this phase, estradiol is used to assess ovarian reserve and should be relatively low. Elevated levels may indicate hormone-active cysts, dysregulated cycles due to diminishing egg reserve, or PCOS.\n\nLow levels may suggest impaired follicular development.\nLate cycle (around cycle day 21, Add-on Ovulation):\n\nEstradiol levels rise significantly and reflect the activity of the dominant follicle or corpus luteum. A lack of this rise may point to cycle irregularities or anovulation",[2676,2677,2679,2680],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2641,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1060,"_uid":2678,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"619ab9d6-58e6-4e4f-b356-8d846a181ad6",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2645,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1060,"_uid":2681,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"01fcef1b-da19-40cf-99da-3aeed1c19ada",{"id":2683,"_uid":2684,"name":2685,"effects":2686,"category":1222,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2683,"treatment":109,"categories":2687,"description":2688,"faqs_shared":2689,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2690,"subBiomarkers":2691,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2692,"linearSubrangeNames":2693,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"LH","bf3fc74c-7aa3-44e5-8924-0340938c07cc","Luteinizing Hormone (LH)",[],[1222,1224],"LH is a regulatory hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It promotes egg maturation and later triggers ovulation. When measured early in the cycle, it helps assess ovarian function.",[],[],[],"LH is produced in the pituitary gland and is a key signaling hormone in the female cycle. It promotes egg maturation and, through a sudden surge in the middle of the cycle, triggers ovulation. Early in the cycle—on days 2 to 5—LH is measured alongside FSH to assess ovarian function.\n\nAn elevated LH-to-FSH ratio can indicate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition often associated with disrupted ovulation. Very low LH levels may be a sign of central cycle suppression, such as in cases of severe stress, underweight, or hypothalamic dysfunction.\n\nLH also stimulates testosterone production in the ovaries, making it an important contributor to overall hormonal balance.\n",[2694,2696,2698],{"Text":1060,"_uid":2695,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"9cc2ecda-e124-4d8a-82d1-27df69d99dca",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2697,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"302ffbd2-90f4-4b5a-b8a9-67c7a77e7958",{"Text":1060,"_uid":2699,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"d4558d61-5b2a-4a69-9cce-19d3d6f07bc4",{"id":2701,"_uid":2702,"name":2703,"effects":2704,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2705,"description":2706,"faqs_shared":2707,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2708,"subBiomarkers":2709,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2710,"linearSubrangeNames":2711,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"TESTF3","5af2238b-32a1-4b62-90cc-e6bcf15e2bb1","Free Testosterone",[],[1224,1222],"Free testosterone is measured in addition to total testosterone to determine testosterone deficiency.",[],[],[],"Testosterone is predominantly bound to proteins in the blood, mainly in fixed binding to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), about 30% in less fixed binding to albumin and only 1-3% as biologically active free testosterone. To determine a testosterone deficiency, the determination of free testosterone is therefore essential. Free testosterone levels can decline more rapidly than total testosterone. Some people have \"normal\" total testosterone levels but low free testosterone levels, which can still cause symptoms of testosterone deficiency.",[2712,2714,2716],{"Text":1055,"_uid":2713,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"dd762a0b-5eea-4ab9-a4ed-0a61d6b4460e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2715,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"91eed6d5-6e87-4634-bb72-a5d13e501d30",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2717,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d75ca34c-95ab-402e-bca6-cdf61dd9f8d7",{"id":2719,"_uid":2702,"name":2703,"effects":2720,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2721,"description":2706,"faqs_shared":2722,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2723,"subBiomarkers":2724,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2710,"linearSubrangeNames":2725,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"TESTF4",[],[1224,1222],[],[],[],[2726,2728,2729,2730],{"Text":1147,"_uid":2727,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"1e12aab6-710c-4e38-a83b-368881c37bb9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2713,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2715,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":2717,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"id":2732,"_uid":2702,"name":2703,"effects":2733,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2734,"description":2735,"faqs_shared":2736,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2737,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2738,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2739,"linearSubrangeNames":2740,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2747,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2748,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"TESTF5",[],[1224,2606],"Free testosterone is the biologically active portion of the male sex hormone. It acts directly in the tissues and affects sexual function, muscle strength, mood, and metabolism.",[],[],[],"Free testosterone is the fraction of total testosterone that is not bound to proteins and can directly exert effects in the body. Although it makes up only a small part of the total, it is highly biologically active. It is especially informative when total testosterone appears normal but symptoms are present – such as in cases with altered SHBG levels, aging, or chronic illness.",[2741,2743,2744,2745,2746],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2742,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2bf55d42-f44b-4528-a61d-828f66137b2e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2727,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2713,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2715,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":2717,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A low level can lead to loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, muscle loss, and low mood in men. In women, a deficiency often presents as exhaustion, low sexual desire, or reduced physical performance. Possible causes include hormonal imbalances, severe overweight, chronic illnesses, or reduced testicular or ovarian function. It is also often reduced due to stronger binding caused by high SHBG levels, for example in the context of intensive endurance training or a negative calorie balance.","Elevated free testosterone usually occurs in connection with anabolic steroid use, testosterone therapies, or general hormonal imbalances. Men may develop irritability, acne, or high blood pressure. Very low SHBG levels due to an anabolic lifestyle (eating a lot, intensive strength training) can also increase free testosterone. In older age, certain regulatory mechanisms can lead to a physiological (i.e., harmless) increase in the free testosterone fraction. In women, this may lead to menstrual irregularities, skin blemishes, increased body hair, or a deeper voice. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is also a common possible cause.",{"id":2750,"_uid":2751,"name":2752,"effects":2753,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2754,"description":2755,"faqs_shared":2756,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2757,"subBiomarkers":2762,"longDescription":2763,"linearSubrangeNames":2764,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"TEST_WA_MALE80","2c2a3d0c-98e9-4a68-9f64-281a32989170","Testosterone Total",[],[1224],"The sex hormone testosterone is found mainly in the male body and in smaller amounts in the female body.",[],[2758],{"_uid":2759,"name":2760,"component":1287,"description":2761},"638e7472-8a82-4e5c-b131-e5e628199d2c","Testosterone deficiency","Testosterone deficiency is a condition when the body produces insufficient levels of testosterone. It leads to a range of symptoms such as decreased sex drive, fatigue, and decreased muscle mass. Lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of exercise can contribute to testosterone deficiency, as can certain medical conditions such as hypogonadism or pituitary disorders.",[],"Testosterone plays an important role in promoting overall health and athletic performance. Decreased testosterone levels are most common in overweight men and athletes who exercise more than two hours per day. However, low testosterone levels can also occur with the use of anabolic steroids, cirrhosis of the liver, or substance abuse. Regular exercise can help raise testosterone levels. Levels can also be too low if you are taking birth control pills or have hypofunction of the ovaries (women) or gonads (men). Values that are too high can occur if doping agents are taken, in the case of testicular tumors, in the case of so-called androgen resistance or in the case of diseases of the adrenal glands. Testosterone levels are also elevated in cases of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex or hyperfunction of the ovaries.",[2765,2767,2769,2771,2773],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2766,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"e43c1a33-431e-42a5-97e1-2afd68204a32",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2768,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"f823337d-ee5f-4ae6-9a8b-f7a5a1a2d08f",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2770,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"cf8ef883-ff6b-4f86-a3be-4ce3828ed543",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2772,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"dc892fd1-d432-4830-a3bd-8dfd3e0e8d11",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2774,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4136bffa-2f14-4b15-b541-6ddcf00b1588",{"id":2776,"_uid":2751,"name":2777,"effects":2778,"category":1224,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2779,"description":2780,"faqs_shared":2781,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2782,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2783,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2784,"linearSubrangeNames":2785,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2792,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2793,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"TEST","Total Testosterone",[],[1224,2606,1222],"Testosterone is the most important male sex hormone. It affects libido, muscle mass, mood, and energy – strongly in men, but also in women.",[],[],[],"Testosterone is a sex hormone produced mainly in the testicles in men and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in women. It influences many body functions: sexual drive, muscle and bone structure, fat distribution, blood formation, and emotional well-being. In the blood, it exists in a bound and unbound form – both are included in the total testosterone value. The level fluctuates throughout the day and is highest in the morning.",[2786,2787,2788,2790,2791],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2766,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2768,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2789,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"082d0068-818d-4887-9584-143155990e55",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2772,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1156,"_uid":2774,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A deficiency in men can lead to reduced libido, erectile problems, low energy, muscle loss, and depressive moods. In women, fatigue, low sexual interest, or muscle weakness are common signs. Causes may include hormonal imbalances, chronic illnesses, obesity, or stress.","Elevated levels are usually due to external testosterone use (e.g., hormone therapy or anabolic steroids). In men, it may cause irritability, hair loss, or breast enlargement. In women, it may lead to acne, increased body hair, or menstrual disturbances. Rarely, hormone-producing tumors are the cause.",{"id":2795,"_uid":2796,"name":2797,"effects":2798,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2799,"description":2800,"faqs_shared":2801,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2802,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2803,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2804,"linearSubrangeNames":2805,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2816,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2817,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ALB","11ef5fec-140f-4df9-ac77-ea9ea01e76c4","Albumin",[],[1738,2606,1222],"Albumin is the most important protein in blood plasma – it helps retain fluid within the vascular system and transports many substances in the blood.",[],[],[],"Albumin is the most important protein in blood plasma – it helps maintain fluid balance within the blood vessels and transports many substances throughout the blood.\n",[2806,2808,2810,2812,2814],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2807,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"65f25147-9a23-417e-9c26-d23da5aba944",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2809,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"415e5dda-c71b-46b1-9428-bd3ef0159216",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2811,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"d0157886-b412-4b8d-ba67-dd124ebbb5cd",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2813,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"e420ac4b-55d8-4db1-9d76-fcd06076763d",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2815,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"b46fe4ef-2056-4054-aef7-45ad8ed9caa4","A low albumin level can indicate reduced protein production (e.g., in liver diseases), protein loss (e.g., through the kidneys), or malnutrition. It can also decrease during inflammation or chronic illnesses. In severe cases, this may lead to tissue swelling (edema).","An elevated albumin level is rare and usually occurs in connection with dehydration or fluid loss. It is generally temporary and improves with adequate hydration. A persistently high level is rarely pathological.",{"id":2819,"_uid":2820,"name":2821,"effects":2822,"category":1908,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2823,"description":2824,"faqs_shared":2825,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2826,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2827,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2828,"linearSubrangeNames":2829,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2840,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2841,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"NA","8368df2d-dd3d-4d48-8c0b-9765ecb0bea4","Sodium",[],[1910],"Sodium is a vital electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.",[],[],[],"Sodium is mainly active in the extracellular space (outside the cells) and helps maintain water balance as well as electrical signal transmission in nerves and muscles. It primarily provides information about fluid regulation in the body. Sodium is taken in through food and regulated by the kidneys. The sodium level in the blood is closely monitored — even small deviations can affect well-being and indicate disturbances in water or hormone balance.\n",[2830,2832,2834,2836,2838],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2831,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"beb9391d-1658-4639-b77f-449da693a464",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2833,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"290b1e6b-4983-43c9-a4cc-0aa593fd4f3a",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2835,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"cfc2f91c-c91e-4b4e-90b7-abc2d622a6ed",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2837,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"dfdf6324-66c4-4354-8695-d9e827b3b176",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2839,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2d17dd5c-8982-4256-a662-ffe83c47e693","A slightly low sodium level (hyponatraemia) is a common laboratory finding and is usually unproblematic in a mild form. It is often a temporary change that normalises itself.\nPossible causes include heart, kidney or liver disease, hormonal changes or certain medications. In otherwise healthy people, however, we often see mild hyponatraemia in connection with a temporary excess of fluids - for example with a high water intake and simultaneous loss of salt through sweating (e.g. during sport).\nIt is always important to categorise the condition in the overall context of the symptoms and the other laboratory values.","An elevated sodium level (hypernatremia) usually indicates a fluid deficit—such as from excessive sweating, diarrhea, or insufficient fluid intake. Certain hormone disorders or medications can also play a role.",{"id":2843,"_uid":2844,"name":2845,"effects":2846,"category":1908,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2847,"description":2848,"faqs_shared":2849,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2850,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2851,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2852,"linearSubrangeNames":2853,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2864,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2865,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"K","253933f6-5be4-4dca-8bcd-b62204642fd4","Potassium",[],[1910],"Potassium is an important mineral in the body that helps regulate the function of nerves, muscles, and especially the heart.",[],[],[],"Potassium is mainly found inside body cells and is essential for the electrical excitability of nerve and muscle cells. It plays a central role in regulating heart rhythm as well as fluid and acid-base balance. Potassium levels are regulated by diet, hormones, and kidney function. Even moderate imbalances can significantly affect the cardiovascular system and require medical supervision.\n",[2854,2856,2858,2860,2862],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2855,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"acafd9e6-f855-4ace-a794-ae2b24f07b34",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2857,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"b45edb45-e97a-42d1-890e-aef689e685de",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2859,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"a34c5b13-735b-4714-b90c-6d2d4975bc19",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2861,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"763dee58-3983-4021-bec2-4a60287e9ab3",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2863,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"87d309fa-7712-41ba-b75a-06bbe18e4915","A low potassium level (hypokalemia) can result from increased loss through urine (e.g., due to heart medications), diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, or hormonal disorders. Mild cases are usually not problematic and can be corrected within a few days. Symptoms of deficiency may include muscle weakness, constipation, heart rhythm disturbances, or fatigue.","A high potassium level (hyperkalemia) is rare and can occur mainly in cases of impaired kidney function, certain medications, or cell breakdown. It can affect the heart rhythm and, in severe cases, lead to dangerous arrhythmias—therefore, prompt medical evaluation is necessary when levels are significantly elevated.",{"id":2867,"_uid":2868,"name":2869,"effects":2870,"category":1908,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2871,"description":2872,"faqs_shared":2873,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2874,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2875,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2876,"linearSubrangeNames":2877,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2888,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2889,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"MG","aa012263-17aa-44da-9989-98d506470ab6","Magnesium",[],[1910],"Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in numerous metabolic processes—particularly for the nerves, muscles, and heart.",[],[],[],"Magnesium is essential for over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, energy metabolism, and heart rhythm. About half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the bones, the rest within cells, and only a small fraction is measurable in the blood. For this reason, active magnesium supplementation has little impact on the measurable blood level—although it can consistently have a positive effect on well-being and certain bodily functions. Long-term magnesium levels can be influenced by diet, intestinal absorption, hormonal balance, and kidney function.",[2878,2880,2882,2884,2886],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2879,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"95afd3e7-e70e-4130-88f3-dddd59ed80d9",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2881,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"5ee9d945-8867-4485-bf21-66ea4a00928b",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2883,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"3d852cf8-1017-4bb5-a29d-3abc99effb5f",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2885,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"3a0554bd-0de8-4837-a736-8637c7a53588",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2887,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ee44b5aa-125e-4f89-ab1d-6d5e75256fa2","A low magnesium level can be caused by insufficient intake, diarrhoea, alcohol, diuretics or gastrointestinal disorders.  A magnesium deficiency can also be caused by a potassium deficiency. Slightly reduced values do not require further clarification and can therefore be accepted.  If the values are more severely reduced, higher-dose supplementation and nutritional analysis may make sense.","An elevated magnesium level is rare and usually occurs in the context of impaired kidney function or excessive intake (e.g., through dietary supplements). Very high values warrant medical evaluation.",{"id":2891,"_uid":2892,"name":2893,"effects":2894,"category":2895,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2896,"description":2898,"faqs_shared":2899,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2900,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2905,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2906,"linearSubrangeNames":2907,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2922,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2923,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"VD3N","9db3ec46-4a6b-45fe-9a1b-58a79aa94655","Vitamin D",[],"011eb84c-7494-492c-9a78-b1fa0406fbe7",[1621,2897],"68b24643-b828-4ccc-a5ee-c7f891b6b091","Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that the body primarily produces through exposure to sunlight. It plays a vital role in supporting bone health, muscle function, the immune system, and calcium balance.",[],[2901],{"_uid":2902,"name":2903,"component":1287,"description":2904},"d69daa0e-2014-4b74-9f02-5f1cd8559dae","Problems with bone metabolism","Bone metabolism problems occur when the body is unable to form or maintain healthy bone tissue. It leads to an increased risk of fractures and other bone-related problems. Risk factors include poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and certain medical conditions such as osteoporosis or Paget's disease.",[],"Vitamin D is produced in the skin when it is sufficiently exposed to sunlight (UVB radiation). Only a small portion is absorbed through food. In the body, vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut and supports bone health, the immune system, and various cellular functions. The storage form measured in the blood is 25-OH-vitamin D, which reflects overall vitamin D status.\n\nRisk groups for deficiency include people with low sun exposure (e.g. older adults, office workers), people with darker skin tones, individuals with obesity, pregnant women, people with chronic conditions, and those with low-fat diets.\n\nEspecially during winter, many people have a vitamin D deficiency—around 70% of the Swiss population is affected. In the long run, inadequate vitamin D levels can increase the risk of diseases such as osteoporosis. There is also scientific evidence suggesting vitamin D influences cognitive functions, metabolism, and the immune system. From a preventive health perspective, levels just above 75 nmol/l are considered optimal. No proven health benefits have been found at levels above 125 nmol/l.\n\nOn a sunny summer day, a fair-skinned person can produce about 800 units of vitamin D with 15–30 minutes of sun exposure—roughly the recommended daily amount. During other seasons, this becomes increasingly difficult.\n",[2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2909,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"63198fce-4e35-4d41-99ca-5981d88a7e3d",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2911,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"0accc2cf-6612-44ed-b7ff-2fc5614a5a7e",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2913,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"de7f2403-e745-4780-ac1f-fa4404216dce",{"Text":1049,"_uid":2915,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"c2f8ab1c-f2fe-42dc-962e-5afab25169a8",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2917,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"4516d066-3d94-4674-ac37-2239029d3b85",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2919,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"31b375e8-c366-4b25-afe6-5b58e7a30af7",{"Text":1156,"_uid":2921,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4c903d53-34df-490c-8e1a-00bdf3842481","Too low a vitamin D level can lead to impaired calcium absorption and thus impair bone health. The immune system, hormonal regulation and other bodily functions can also be impaired if levels are permanently low. Targeted supplementation makes sense in many cases - for example with 1000 to 5000 IU per day or even monthly in a higher dose, depending on the initial value and time of year.\n\nYour CARE doctor will gladly discuss the appropriate dose and method of administration for you during an upcoming consultation or in your Medical Report.\n","Too high a vitamin D level occurs almost exclusively with excessive intake of high-dose preparations. At levels >225nmol/l, there are possible consequences such as an increased calcium level in the blood, which can lead to kidney stones or malaise - so vitamin D does have a toxic effect. As the vitamin is fat-soluble, it also takes some time for it to be broken down in the body. However, there is no risk with sensible supplementation over several months - regular monitoring of levels and sensible supplementation doses to avoid oversupply are ideal.",{"id":2925,"_uid":2926,"name":2927,"effects":2928,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2929,"treatment":109,"categories":2930,"description":2931,"faqs_shared":2932,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2933,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2934,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2935,"linearSubrangeNames":2936,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2945,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2946,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"HOLO","c7e98455-90b0-4b48-b97a-84f5c9593857","Vitamin B12 (Holo-Tc)",[],"Holo-TC",[1621,2897],"Holo-Tc is the active transport form of vitamin B12 in the blood and indicates how much vitamin B12 is actually available to the body's cells.",[],[],[],"Vitamin B12 is essential for hematopoiesis, cell division, nerve function and energy metabolism. In the blood, it is bound to transport proteins, but only the vitamin bound to transcobalamin (Holo-TC) is directly available to the cells. This value is therefore the most sensitive marker for an early deficiency. Holo-TC often drops before the total B12 stores are noticeable. B12 is found almost exclusively in animal foods - especially in meat, fish, eggs and dairy products. Risk groups for a deficiency are people with a vegan diet, older people, pregnant women, patients with chronic intestinal or stomach diseases, after stomach or intestinal surgery and people with long-term use of acid blockers.",[2937,2939,2941,2943],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2938,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7137fae2-604f-41cf-9c7e-657914e9ee96",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2940,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"5af79178-62ec-4be1-9a6c-92eaabbe4398",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2942,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"87fc9bbe-e898-4d32-9ecb-eb71171ed18c",{"Text":1049,"_uid":2944,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"d3734028-5861-4bcb-83dc-9ac32ad4aeee","A low Holo-Transcobalamin value indicates a restricted vitamin B12 supply - even if the total B12 value could still be normal. Early signs of a deficiency can include tiredness, concentration problems, pale skin or neurological symptoms such as tingling or numbness. Supplementation is often advisable in such cases - orally or by injection if the deficiency is pronounced or recurring.\n\nYour CARE doctor will be happy to tell you the right dose and form of administration for you in an upcoming consultation or medical report.","An increased Holo-TC value usually occurs with a high supplementation of vitamin B12 preparations and is generally unproblematic. Excessively high values have no pathological value, but indicate that the corresponding supplements could also be reduced (reduction of the dose or extension of the intake interval).",{"id":2948,"_uid":2949,"name":2950,"effects":2951,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2952,"description":2953,"faqs_shared":2954,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2955,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2956,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2957,"linearSubrangeNames":2958,"whatDoesLowValueMean":2967,"whatDoesHighValueMean":2968,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FOLEC","82f9093b-c4d7-4284-8fdc-e6bba6094358","Folic acid (Ec)",[],[1621,2897],"Folic acid, which is measured directly in red blood cells (Ec), is more meaningful and sustainable than measurements in serum. Serum and Ec measurements are not comparable with each other.",[],[],[],"Folic acid (vitamin B9) is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of new cells, DNA synthesis, and healthy blood formation. Unlike serum measurements, the folic acid value obtained here primarily reflects the long-term folic acid supply over the last 3-4 months. It therefore provides a reliable picture of whether the body has a stable long-term folic acid supply. A stable folic acid status is particularly important during phases of rapid cell growth, such as during pregnancy or when there is an increased need for regeneration. It also helps with iron absorption, for example.\nGood sources of folic acid are green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, lettuce), legumes, whole grains, nuts, and liver. However, folic acid can be easily destroyed by heating or prolonged cooking. Risk groups for deficiency include pregnant women, breastfeeding women, older people, people with an unbalanced diet, high alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal diseases, and people with increased cell turnover or chronic stress.",[2959,2961,2963,2965],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2960,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d1d33d23-5ec9-44e0-af88-aaa79cafbb5e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":2962,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ef07a9de-93c1-4553-b0a6-87cbbbe4a8e3",{"Text":1055,"_uid":2964,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"d645d179-43be-487c-bc9b-d69a496ee2a5",{"Text":1049,"_uid":2966,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"5c559e11-b57d-4fd9-9b7c-b83927258c2d","Too low a folic acid level can lead to impaired cell division, anemia, and, in severe cases, neurological symptoms. A good supply is particularly important when planning to have children or in early pregnancy, as folic acid deficiency is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the child. In the event of a deficiency, dietary adjustments and supplementation are usually recommended.\n\nYour CARE doctor will be happy to advise you on the appropriate dose and form of administration in your medical report or during an upcoming consultation.","Elevated folic acid levels are usually due to the intake of dietary supplements. Excessively high levels are not indicative of disease, but suggest that the intake of such supplements could be reduced (by lowering the dose or extending the interval between doses).",{"id":2970,"_uid":2949,"name":2971,"effects":2972,"category":109,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":2973,"description":2974,"faqs_shared":2975,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2976,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2977,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2978,"linearSubrangeNames":2979,"whatDoesLowValueMean":109,"whatDoesHighValueMean":109,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FOLS","Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)",[],[1621,2897],"Folic Acid is a B vitamin that is essential for cell division, hematopoiesis and the development of the nervous system.",[],[],[],"Folic Acid (also known as vitamin B9) is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of new cells, DNA synthesis and healthy hematopoiesis. The present Folic Acid value in the serum primarily reflects the short-term intake via the diet of the last few weeks. A stable Folic Acid status is particularly important in phases of rapid cell growth - for example during pregnancy or when there is an increased need for regeneration. However, it also helps with the absorption of iron, for example.\nGood sources of folic acid are green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, lettuce), pulses, wholemeal products, nuts and liver. However, Folic Acid can easily be destroyed by heating or prolonged cooking. Risk groups for a deficiency are pregnant women, nursing mothers, older people, people with an unbalanced diet, high alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal diseases and people with increased cell turnover or chronic stress.",[2980,2981,2982,2983],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2960,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":2962,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},{"Text":1055,"_uid":2964,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1049,"_uid":2966,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},{"id":2985,"_uid":2986,"name":2987,"effects":2988,"category":2895,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":2987,"treatment":109,"categories":2989,"description":2990,"faqs_shared":2991,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":2992,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":2995,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":2996,"linearSubrangeNames":2997,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3008,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3009,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"CA","73cdecdd-2226-4d18-b78f-678b8ca11c33","Calcium",[],[1910],"Albumin-corrected calcium takes into account the influence of the blood protein albumin on the measured calcium value and allows for a more accurate assessment of the actual calcium status.",[],[2993],{"_uid":2994,"name":2903,"component":1287,"description":2904},"467519d8-f9c7-43a1-939d-27853bc62f99",[],"Calcium is an important mineral for bones, teeth, muscle activity, and nerve signal transmission. About half of the calcium in the blood is bound to proteins such as albumin. If albumin levels are altered, the measured calcium value may be distorted. Therefore, “albumin-corrected calcium” is calculated to better assess the biologically active calcium concentration.\n\nCalcium absorption is increased particularly during growth phases and pregnancy. In older age, however, calcium requirements decrease again. Blood calcium levels are regulated, among other factors, by parathyroid hormones, vitamin D, and phosphate. When calcium is needed in the blood, it can be released from bones or from cells.\n",[2998,3000,3002,3004,3006],{"Text":1156,"_uid":2999,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"fcfd2833-adce-49ab-a876-dcc97f128f8c",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3001,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"90ee2f1d-3cc9-469b-ad27-88f02d660adf",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3003,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"d26bc3b7-e61d-4710-b8fe-ed520be6ea4f",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3005,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"65c29e36-6173-46c9-9014-4d17da212cbe",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3007,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"61a1b29b-3b48-43ec-9f86-bd4289009e6f","A low calcium level (hypocalcemia) may indicate a disturbance in vitamin D metabolism (e.g. due to too much or too little vitamin D or highly fluctuating levels), underactive parathyroid glands, kidney disease, or insufficient calcium intake (such as in vegans or people who avoid dairy products). Symptoms can range from muscle cramps and tingling sensations to cardiac arrhythmias.","An increased corrected calcium value (hypercalcaemia) can occur in the case of parathyroid hyperfunction, vitamin D overdose or prolonged immobilisation. Values that are significantly too high can cause fatigue, constipation, muscle loss or cardiac arrhythmia and should be closely monitored.",{"id":3011,"_uid":3012,"name":3013,"effects":3014,"category":3015,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3016,"description":3017,"faqs_shared":3018,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3019,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3020,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3021,"linearSubrangeNames":3022,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3037,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3038,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"FER","ff7927a9-56f5-4e61-ac62-d0bd949ec0fb","Ferritin",[],"9edd6945-812a-4098-977f-b05a50f9263f",[3015,1621],"Ferritin is the storage protein for iron in the body - the value shows how well the body's iron stores are filled.",[],[],[],"Ferritin stores iron in the body's cells, especially in the liver, bone marrow and spleen (i.e. the haematopoietic organs). A small proportion is released into the blood and can be measured there. The ferritin value is the most important laboratory value for assessing iron stores. If there is a deficiency, the stores are depleted; if there is an overload, liver stress or inflammation, they are increased. As ferritin can also increase during infections or chronic illnesses, it is often assessed together with inflammation values (especially CRP) and other iron parameters (e.g. transferrin saturation).",[3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3024,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"974a539c-eeb0-4cc2-b891-8c041e5de85a",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3026,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"7e34f8fd-4bca-492b-8ac1-6bf607024f36",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3028,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"0d325b9f-43a1-4867-a746-0df1328138f2",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3030,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"c33d2730-b597-4582-9723-08ce86899660",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3032,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"948d9786-c9ff-4713-a35a-5ff6a688d104",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3034,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"c1debbed-7aee-4ab9-a954-0fa7b03ce803",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3036,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"080c7c36-36a4-4b24-9597-63ca47b1091a","A low Ferritin value indicates empty or reduced iron stores - usually due to iron deficiency. Causes can be blood loss (e.g. menstruation), increased demand (pregnancy and sport) or insufficient intake (especially vegetarian or vegan diets (relative iron absorption), but also generally small portions of food (absolute iron absorption)). Possible symptoms of iron deficiency are tiredness, hair loss, paleness, brittle nails or reduced performance.","An elevated Ferritin value can be caused by inflammation, liver stress or - more rarely - iron overload (e.g. genetic iron storage disease or after infusions). Elevated values should always be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory values in order to differentiate between storage levels and inflammatory reactions. Iron overloads occur particularly frequently in the context of a metabolic syndrome, in which case the liver values ALAT and GGT, the inflammatory value CRP, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood pressure and weight can typically also be elevated. In such a case, a high ferritin value must be interpreted unfavourably in terms of prognosis, but is considered reversible in any condition through lifestyle measures.",{"id":3040,"_uid":3041,"name":3042,"effects":3043,"category":3015,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3044,"description":3045,"faqs_shared":3046,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3047,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3048,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3049,"linearSubrangeNames":3050,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3065,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3066,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"TRFS","b2310dd8-5e5f-48af-8356-e1db0ef2d272","Transferrin Saturation",[],[3015],"Transferrin Saturation shows what percentage of the iron transport protein Transferrin is currently loaded with iron - it helps to recognise an iron deficiency or an overload.",[],[],[],"Transferrin is the protein that transports iron in the blood. The Transferrin Saturation indicates how heavily this protein is loaded with iron - i.e. how much iron is effectively available and is currently being transported. The value is calculated from iron and Transferrin and is required to evaluate the iron status. Transferrin Saturation is usually assessed together with Ferritin and Transferrin.",[3051,3053,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3052,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"f9293874-0117-45d0-91fc-a9a9b33ccd1a",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3054,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8d847465-5f87-4af7-a6d6-7874bd5912e9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3056,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"87391c26-528c-4713-a78a-69bdb1f63c55",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3058,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"c3083ebe-143c-40cf-b785-5f02b647eaca",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3060,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"4031027a-9561-408c-ab29-99d01f3c12f8",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3062,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"b6e819dc-2335-42a4-bcc1-7535b43a640c",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3064,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"81d42f2f-3484-415c-9b3f-0887fae83ae0","A low Transferrin Saturation indicates that iron is less available in the blood - often due to iron deficiency, blood loss or impaired intestinal absorption. If the iron storage value ferritin is normal, the deficiency can also be acute or functional (relative).","High Transferrin Saturation can occur with iron overload, for example through infusions, supplementation or in more severe cases with hereditary iron metabolism disorders such as hemochromatosis. Equally common are increased values after physical activity or stress, as a sign that the body is currently performing a higher cell turnover.",{"id":3068,"_uid":3069,"name":3070,"effects":3071,"category":3015,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3072,"description":3073,"faqs_shared":3074,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3075,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3076,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3077,"linearSubrangeNames":3078,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3089,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3090,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"TRF","acd7e521-a23d-433e-a79c-359670e7ab2d","Transferrin",[],[3015],"Transferrin is a transport protein that transports iron in the blood to the body's cells - the value shows how balanced the iron supply in the body is and how high the transport requirement is.",[],[],[],"Transferrin is produced in the liver and transports iron via the blood to where it is needed - for example to the bone marrow for hematopoiesis. If there is too little iron, Transferrin production increases so that as much iron as possible can be bound and distributed. Conversely, the value decreases when there is an abundance of iron or liver function is impaired. Transferrin is an indirect marker for the assessment of iron metabolism and is assessed secondarily to Ferritin and Transferrin Saturation.",[3079,3081,3083,3085,3087],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3080,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"1608a894-759c-4d8b-af02-0e2a3985eb99",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3082,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"aea38a9f-6129-4af8-ad03-3380b83dfaca",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3084,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"78a7ef01-5934-493b-bf28-c6d2f415a158",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3086,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"30588210-e036-49ea-bbdf-96cc6995e22c",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3088,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7038ccff-7a5b-45a1-9c12-3193820a6833","A low Transferrin value can occur in chronic diseases or acute or chronic iron overload.","An elevated Transferrin level usually indicates an iron deficiency. The body then produces more transport protein in order to deal with the scarce iron as efficiently as possible. If Ferritin is low at the same time, this is a typical sign of empty iron stores.",{"id":3092,"_uid":3093,"name":3094,"effects":3095,"category":3015,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3096,"description":3097,"faqs_shared":3098,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3099,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3104,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3105,"linearSubrangeNames":3106,"whatDoesLowValueMean":109,"whatDoesHighValueMean":109,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"FE","af6a0a47-065c-44f2-bdda-133168ed9162","Iron",[],[3015],"As part of the red blood pigment, iron helps absorb oxygen, which is then transported to all the cells of the body.",[],[3100],{"_uid":3101,"name":3102,"component":1287,"description":3103},"e4885b37-f8fa-4ae9-8d1d-fecb84422c8e","Iron deficiency","Iron deficiency is a condition in which the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin, leading to anemia. Poor nutrition, blood loss, and certain medical conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease can contribute to iron deficiency.",[],"Among other things, iron is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood. Therefore, iron is a good indicator for performance and energy. Our body cannot produce iron itself, so we have to take it in daily through food. Especially in vegetarian and vegan diets, sufficient iron intake should be ensured. \n\nThe iron requirement depends on gender, age and lifestyle. The normal iron requirement is higher in women due to menstruation, pregnancy or breastfeeding. To determine the iron metabolism, several values in the blood are analyzed: Hemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin. If iron levels are too low, this is called iron deficiency or anemia. Too much iron occurs in iron storage disease.",[],{"id":3108,"_uid":3109,"name":3110,"effects":3111,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3112,"description":3113,"faqs_shared":3114,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3115,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3116,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3117,"linearSubrangeNames":3118,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3129,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3130,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"TC","eb423fcc-f9a6-47cb-b5ab-039dae6c0b34","Blood Platelets",[],[2389]," Platelets (thrombocytes) are small cell fragments in the blood that stop bleeding in the event of injury and ensure the formation of blood clots.",[],[],[],"Platelets play a central role in hemostasis. In the event of an injury to the blood vessel system, they attach themselves to the damaged area, clump together and thus form the initial wound closure. Their value in the blood provides information on how many platelets are present per microlitre of blood. The platelet count helps to assess blood clotting disorders, inflammations, infections or bone marrow diseases. This value is also important as part of routine examinations or before operations.",[3119,3121,3123,3125,3127],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3120,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7d166a55-67db-4975-9963-052f6abe0c95",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3122,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"bd5dabfc-6011-4457-bd2c-1faf411fb407",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3124,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c3e12ff5-8f4e-4364-8eef-d9d0695de703",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3126,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a6d8bf07-50ba-46d8-a3e5-42c3b3689451",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3128,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"6e099b6d-5cd4-446e-a933-da4919183c64","If the platelet count is too low, this may indicate reduced production in the bone marrow, increased breakdown or increased consumption in the body. Possible causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, certain medications, or an enlarged spleen. Very low levels increase the risk of bleeding, visible hemorrhages in the skin or mucous membranes, or spontaneous bruising.","An elevated platelet (thrombocyte) count often occurs as a response to infections, inflammation, surgeries, or blood loss. This temporary increase is usually harmless. In rare cases, and with significantly elevated levels, a chronic bone marrow disorder may be present, where too many platelets are produced. Very high levels can alter blood viscosity and increase the risk of vascular blockages or thrombosis. Whether further investigation is necessary depends on accompanying values and the individual situation.",{"id":3132,"_uid":3133,"name":3132,"effects":3134,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3132,"treatment":109,"categories":3135,"description":3136,"faqs_shared":3137,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3138,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3139,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3140,"linearSubrangeNames":3141,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3152,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3153,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"MCV","e113eec4-8e8f-4a6c-9c21-01891cabfd95",[],[2389],"The mean cell volume (MCV) provides information on the average size of the red blood cells.",[],[],[],"The MCV value describes the average size of the red blood cells (erythrocytes). It is calculated from the blood count and helps to differentiate between different forms of anemia. The MCV value is therefore always assessed in conjunction with other blood values such as hemoglobin and erythrocyte count.",[3142,3144,3146,3148,3150],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3143,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"40d02713-2ec7-4f97-8dca-73b1d1f753df",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3145,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a453a862-7262-4fdd-82bd-a7eb14c52862",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3147,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"77fca021-4148-4c61-908b-7aaadb4b525e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3149,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"9a961ce1-eb79-414f-9bae-bd1d7f882dbc",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3151,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"b5a01c8b-021f-46f7-80fc-1f011074936c","A low MCV value means that the red blood cells are smaller than normal (microcytic). This often occurs in cases of iron deficiency, certain chronic conditions, or benign genetic traits such as thalassemia. Blood loss or impaired iron utilization in the body can also reduce cell size.","An elevated MCV value indicates enlarged red blood cells (macrocytic). This can occur due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, but also with chronic alcohol consumption, liver diseases, or certain medications. In rare cases, it may be caused by a disruption in cell maturation in the bone marrow.",{"id":3155,"_uid":3156,"name":3155,"effects":3157,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3155,"treatment":109,"categories":3158,"description":3159,"faqs_shared":3160,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3161,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3166,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3167,"linearSubrangeNames":3168,"whatDoesLowValueMean":109,"whatDoesHighValueMean":109,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"MCHC","f4fa2775-1773-4680-8360-1d5b813ea0f7",[],[2389],"Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin in all red blood cells.",[],[3162],{"_uid":3163,"name":3164,"component":1287,"description":3165},"ffe49fa6-c0c9-404d-9579-9d5b18bba133","Anemia","Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. It leads to reduced oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. Iron deficiency, poor nutrition, and certain genetic disorders can contribute to the development of anemia.",[],"MCHC is determined from the ratio of the hemoglobin value to the hematocrit value. The MCHC value is used to diagnose anemia. MCHC values that are too low can indicate iron deficiency. MCHC values that are too high can indicate diseases of the red blood cells.",[],{"id":3170,"_uid":3171,"name":3170,"effects":3172,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3170,"treatment":109,"categories":3173,"description":3174,"faqs_shared":3175,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3176,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3177,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3178,"linearSubrangeNames":3179,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3190,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3191,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"MCH","ca2bedec-d02a-4e35-87c9-483b45b34c3a",[],[2389],"The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average concentration of hemoglobin contained in a single red blood cell.",[],[],[],"The MCH value indicates how much hemoglobin - i.e. red blood pigment - is contained on average in a single red blood cell. The value is usually used to classify anemia. Together with the MCV value, it helps to identify whether the red blood cells contain too little or too much hemoglobin.",[3180,3182,3184,3186,3188],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3181,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"73c69d78-a1e5-44d0-b18c-1f260b371b97",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3183,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"b6f71c04-dc98-4b4e-9dd2-7bb42ef24814",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3185,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"057c4975-4275-46b5-b3f6-115f71fd5939",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3187,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"228db3d5-1fd3-4e75-92e9-c043053896ce",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3189,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"042bb651-91c2-4826-9e2a-20513fae3c5b","A low MCH value means that the red blood cells contain less hemoglobin than normal. Common causes include iron deficiency, chronic inflammation, and blood loss. In context, low MCH values can also be associated with thalassemia.","An elevated MCH value indicates that the red blood cells contain above-average amounts of hemoglobin—usually because they are also larger in size. This can occur, for example, in cases of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. Certain liver diseases or alcohol abuse can also increase the MCH value. When considered together with other blood values, the underlying cause can be more precisely identified.",{"id":3193,"_uid":3194,"name":3195,"effects":3196,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3197,"description":3198,"faqs_shared":3199,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3200,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3201,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3202,"linearSubrangeNames":3203,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3214,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3215,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"HK","cce2bcaa-01c8-45c0-9a12-ed291fb6c8d6","Hematocrit",[],[2389]," The Hematocrit measures the relative proportion of all blood cells in the blood.",[],[],[],"The Hematocrit value indicates what percentage of the blood consists of solid components or blood cells. The rest is fluid (plasma). A normal Hematocrit value ensures good oxygen transport and sufficient fluidity of the blood. The value is important for assessing blood thickness, fluid balance and oxygen supply in the body.",[3204,3206,3208,3210,3212],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3205,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"7a9a49eb-4e96-47f1-b7ea-1a4128370907",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3207,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"9c283c83-f639-42e2-9c92-2fcc58f165f4",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3209,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"b944b1a4-f8d5-4552-94af-b30d037b98a2",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3211,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a085b1db-2c0e-4ea2-8552-3346df3e0f21",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3213,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"c4d67148-554f-4367-a85c-0e6e8a48ad52","A low hematocrit level can indicate anemia, especially when hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte count are also decreased. Common causes include iron deficiency, blood loss, or chronic conditions. Overhydration of the body can also make the hematocrit level appear diluted.","An elevated hematocrit level means that the blood has a high proportion of solid components—in other words, the blood is “thicker.” This can occur due to fluid deficiency (e.g., from excessive sweating, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake) or increased production of red blood cells, for example due to smoking, high-altitude stays, or chronic oxygen deficiency. A very high hematocrit level can increase the risk of vascular blockages (thrombosis) and should therefore be monitored.",{"id":3217,"_uid":3218,"name":3219,"effects":3220,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3221,"description":3222,"faqs_shared":3223,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3224,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3225,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3226,"linearSubrangeNames":3227,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3238,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3239,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"EC","4ae4af16-02a6-4a61-9cbe-ef7761d7f3c1","Red Blood Cells",[],[2389]," Erythrocytes (red blood cells) primarily transport oxygen through the body.",[],[],[],"Erythrocytes are red blood cells and are one of the most important cell types in the blood. They contain the red blood pigment Hemoglobin, which absorbs oxygen from the lungs and transports it to the organs. If there are too few Erythrocytes in the blood, this can indicate anemia - for example due to iron deficiency, chronic illness or blood loss. Too many Erythrocytes, on the other hand, can occur due to a lack of fluids (dehydration) or certain bone marrow diseases. The cell count alone is not sufficient for an accurate assessment - other blood values such as Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and the appearance of the cells are also considered.",[3228,3230,3232,3234,3236],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3229,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8b3245a3-bd51-4507-b8b6-7d01e2de6d20",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3231,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ff9aaa29-9359-4b3a-8180-51eaed8307d0",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3233,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"a623dbea-6483-45be-8d08-472ef5f65ba8",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3235,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"c03e9986-902e-49a5-a905-a45c1768263d",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3237,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"47854b5d-122b-4dac-835d-2c70aef64864","A low erythrocyte level can be an indication of anemia. Typical symptoms of anemia include fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, or reduced physical performance.","Elevated erythrocyte levels can indicate dehydration (too little fluid in the body) or, in rarer cases, a condition involving increased blood production. Smoking, oxygen deficiency (e.g., in lung diseases), or staying at high altitudes can also lead to an increase in the number of red blood cells.",{"id":3241,"_uid":3242,"name":3243,"effects":3244,"category":2389,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3245,"description":3246,"faqs_shared":3247,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3248,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3249,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3250,"linearSubrangeNames":3251,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3262,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3263,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"HB","1d01a1c3-bf81-49f2-8d45-e4d75e5baf40","Hemoglobin",[],[2389],"Hemoglobin is a protein that helps to transport oxygen and other respiratory gases through the body.",[],[],[],"Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that gives blood its red colour. It is responsible for transporting oxygen in the body: Hemoglobin absorbs oxygen in the lungs and releases it again in the organs. The Hemoglobin level indicates how much Hemoglobin is present in the blood and is a key measurement for assessing the body's blood formation and oxygen supply.",[3252,3254,3256,3258,3260],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3253,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"f389299d-cf1e-4ff6-acf3-2ae8b4e39af6",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3255,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"90b0539a-ea2f-47fa-9770-f0bec447941a",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3257,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"89b9a683-754e-4297-aae2-5d0525567b64",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3259,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"61abfdd0-d7a9-45c5-93e0-384ed2587601",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3261,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"34eb4dd9-14b0-4721-b21f-cb5faffaf7f6","A low hemoglobin level is an indication of anemia. Common causes include iron deficiency, chronic conditions, blood loss (e.g., due to heavy menstruation or gastrointestinal bleeding), or impaired red blood cell production. Possible symptoms are fatigue, weakness, pale skin, difficulty concentrating, or shortness of breath during exertion. In some cases, the cause can be determined via the vitamins, the iron status or other parameters of the red blood count.","An elevated hemoglobin level can indicate a reduced fluid volume in the blood (e.g., due to dehydration) or increased blood production. The latter can occur in cases of chronic oxygen deficiency (such as from smoking, high-altitude stays, lung diseases, or impaired breathing mechanics due to excess weight). High-performance sports or hormonal influences (e.g., testosterone) can also raise hemoglobin levels. A precise assessment is made in conjunction with other blood values such as hematocrit, erythrocyte count, and MCV.",{"id":3265,"_uid":3266,"name":3267,"effects":3268,"category":1041,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3269,"treatment":109,"categories":3270,"description":3271,"faqs_shared":3272,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3273,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3274,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3275,"linearSubrangeNames":3276,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3289,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3290,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"HB1CPERC","69e29a63-55e4-49b3-8458-6f9ed9f7fb26","Long-Term Blood Sugar (HbA1c)",[],"HbA1c",[1041],"The HbA1c value shows the average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months and is used for early detection and monitoring of diabetes and its precursors.",[],[],[],"HbA1c forms when sugar binds to the red blood pigment Hemoglobin. The higher the blood sugar levels over a longer period (2–3 months), the higher the HbA1c value. It is measured regardless of the time of day or food intake and is a key marker for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes. It serves as a lifestyle marker to assess insulin function, sugar regulation, and calorie balance over the past months and is the primary marker used in medicine to diagnose diabetes.\n",[3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3278,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"1ea13ff0-d47a-4bac-9d34-68e09dd9e75f",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3280,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ff849e68-f040-4c64-a37a-c48fdddd9fed",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3282,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"17ea0c6a-a873-4d6f-be50-52c0ca744ee6",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3284,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"8fb81b4d-10f5-4302-a61c-01f09b3968ce",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3286,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"7dc0ab52-8cc6-4a07-951f-a1101d06fe3a",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3288,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"ba901cfa-7b3f-4c0d-8077-26a564a3b0a6","A low HbA1c value is rare and usually unproblematic. In diabetics, it can indicate overtreatment with a risk of hypoglycaemia. Without diabetes, a low value is usually unremarkable, but in rare cases (very low values) can also indicate excessive insulin secretion or energy deficiency.","An elevated HbA1c value indicates a persistently high blood sugar level. This can suggest early prediabetes (range 5.7% - 6.4%) or manifest diabetes (>6.4%). Prediabetes is considered a reversible condition, so lowering it through dietary changes, exercise, and thus achieving a negative calorie balance is still achievable. However, it is a strong warning sign that lifestyle changes are urgently needed.\n\nAn elevated value often occurs together with other factors such as abdominal obesity, low HDL levels, high triglycerides, blood pressure, uric acid, liver and ferritin levels, as well as signs of microinflammation (CRP), and is part of the so-called metabolic syndrome.\nIn some cases, an elevated HbA1c can also appear in young, healthy athletes, usually indicating an excessive calorie balance.\n\nIn the case of a diabetes diagnosis, in addition to urgently needed lifestyle adjustments, medication therapy is also recommended to limit the collateral risk of organ damage.\n",{"id":3292,"_uid":3293,"name":3294,"effects":3295,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3296,"description":3297,"faqs_shared":3298,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3299,"relativeOrder":1471,"subBiomarkers":3300,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3301,"linearSubrangeNames":3302,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3313,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3314,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"TRIG","059fee26-5905-4297-84cd-74b304cd13ed","Triglycerides",[],[1139],"Triglycerides are a form of blood lipids that serve as energy stores in the body - they are therefore closely linked to the fact that there is an excess of energy.",[],[],[],"Triglycerides are fats that circulate in the blood and are formed from dietary fats and carbohydrates. They are absorbed in the intestine after a meal, processed in the liver and stored in fat cells as energy stores. The triglyceride value must be measured on an empty stomach, as it rises significantly after eating. Slightly elevated values are common and can be caused by diet, alcohol consumption, obesity or lack of exercise and mean that there is a tendency towards excess calories when fasting, i.e. there is more energy in the blood than is needed. Highly elevated triglyceride levels are considered an independent risk factor for inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) and - especially in combination with low HDL or elevated LDL - are a sign of a disturbed fat metabolism. Triglycerides are also known as ‘lifestyle reporters’ because they are strongly influenced by lifestyle.\n",[3303,3305,3307,3309,3311],{"Text":1147,"_uid":3304,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"7b4c853c-652b-43f7-ac28-8cdb6ef0b515",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3306,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"a87228f9-ad08-49e2-9456-a66cf8891cdb",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3308,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"95986e26-b825-40f2-a7c6-6fa4319fb33b",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3310,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"a0ef5294-80f8-44b4-8a62-02ac158c6e30",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3312,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"92d5c53f-1bee-4943-aeb3-87cd6a89ee72","A low triglyceride level is generally not a concern and usually indicates a healthy metabolism or a low-fat diet. In rare cases, very low levels may be caused by malnutrition, chronic illnesses, hyperthyroidism, or certain genetic disorders.","Elevated triglyceride levels often occur acutely after sumptuous meals, alcohol or obesity. An inadequate lifestyle with a lack of exercise, obesity, a high-calorie diet (carbohydrates and saturated fats!) and smoking can contribute to high levels. If the value measured on an empty stomach is elevated, this may therefore indicate a metabolic imbalance. Elevated levels are part of the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (along with obesity, sugar disorder, low HDL cholesterol levels or high blood pressure). Highly elevated triglycerides from around 5.7 to 10 mmol/l are considered a risk factor for acute inflammation of the pancreas.\nEspecially in combination with elevated LDL cholesterol and other risk factors, the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and serious infections increases.",{"id":3316,"_uid":3317,"name":3318,"effects":3319,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3316,"treatment":109,"categories":3320,"description":3321,"faqs_shared":3322,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3323,"relativeOrder":1070,"subBiomarkers":3324,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3325,"linearSubrangeNames":3326,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3339,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3340,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"HDL","ad184e50-3188-44dc-a135-cb62abf2ed31","HDL-Cholesterol",[],[1139],"HDL cholesterol is a transport system for cholesterol in the blood. It is also considered the \"good\" cholesterol because, unlike LDL, it does not contribute to arterial plaque buildup.",[],[],[],"HDL stands for High-Density Lipoprotein – it functions like a “cleaning system” for the blood vessels. It collects excess cholesterol from tissues and transports it back to the liver, where it is broken down. This helps prevent plaque buildup in the vessels and reduces the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition to cholesterol transport, HDL also plays a role in reducing inflammation and protecting vessel walls.\n\nHDL levels can be influenced by genetic factors but are also highly responsive to lifestyle—especially body weight/abdominal fat, physical activity, diet, and smoking. Values within the normal range indicate no added risk, and levels higher than 1.5 mmol/L are even considered to have mildly protective effects.",[3327,3329,3331,3333,3335,3337],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3328,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"cc17122f-c795-4ca9-b4aa-a2f83699194e",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3330,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"d95ca881-9451-40d3-b6ba-727907b74528",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3332,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"b09842aa-d9b8-4d46-897f-775e000bdc51",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3334,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"09467f74-5ec3-403a-8e72-7e83e7b8c651",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3336,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"13aebf0b-f08a-469a-9dae-3388a2cb4ee8",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3338,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"d5448fc4-6437-4c73-ab62-5b42d3217571","Ein zu niedriger HDL-Wert kann darauf hindeuten, dass das natürliche Schutzsystem der Gefässe geschwächt ist und ist Bestandteil der Diagnose eines metabolischen Syndroms (zusammen mit Übergewicht, Zuckerstörung, hohen Triglyzeridwerten oder Bluthochdruck). Besonders in Kombination mit erhöhtem LDL und weiteren Risikofaktoren steigt das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes und schweren Infektionen. Ein ungenügend guter Lebensstil mit Bewegungsmangel, Übergewicht, hochkalorischer Ernährung (Kohlenhydrate und gesättigte Fette!) und Rauchen können zu tiefen HDL-Spiegeln beitragen.","An increased HDL value is not automatically positive - at very high concentrations, HDL can lose its protective function and no longer effectively remove cholesterol from the blood vessels. This is referred to as non-functional HDL, which in unfavourable cases can even have a pro-inflammatory effect.\nIn most cases, however, an elevated value is no cause for concern - the overall picture of fat metabolism and the individual risk situation are always important. High HDL values are typically found with regular alcohol consumption, high physical activity, a very healthy diet with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, the female sex (especially after the menopause), oestrogen intake and in some genetic variants.\nIn most cases, nothing can/should be done about high HDL levels, as most behaviours - with the exception of alcohol - are actually beneficial to health or nothing can be done about them.",{"id":3342,"_uid":3343,"name":3344,"effects":3345,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":3342,"treatment":109,"categories":3346,"description":3347,"faqs_shared":3348,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3349,"relativeOrder":353,"subBiomarkers":3350,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3351,"linearSubrangeNames":3352,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3363,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3364,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":1160,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"LDL","d9250cf5-4e08-4388-9eba-1f94f8644f09","LDL-Cholesterol",[],[1139],"LDL cholesterol is often referred to as the \"bad\" cholesterol because it can contribute to the buildup of fatty deposits in the blood vessels. Today, it is the most extensively studied individual risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and one of the most important focus areas in preventive medicine.",[],[],[],"LDL (\"low-density lipoprotein\") transports cholesterol from the liver to the body's cells. Excess LDL can be deposited in the vessel walls and form plaques there - the beginning of arteriosclerosis. This process is not only strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, but is also associated with an increased rate of dementia and other chronic diseases.\n\nThe LDL value is one of the most important laboratory parameters for assessing cardiovascular risk. Around 80 % of its level is genetically determined, but it can be positively influenced by lifestyle and good weight control.\n\nThe aim is to keep LDL as low as possible - the following target values apply depending on the risk profile\n  • low risk: LDL \u003C 3.0 mmol/L\n  • Moderate risk: LDL \u003C 2.6 mmol/L\n  • high risk: LDL \u003C 1.8 mmol/L\n  • Very high risk: LDL \u003C1.4 mmol/l\n\nLowering LDL by 1 mmol/L reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke or sudden cardiac death by around 22% - even with already low initial values. The scientific evidence for this is clear and well documented.\n\nAt CARE, the individual target value is determined on the basis of all relevant risk factors and communicated in the medical report or at an upcoming consultation.",[3353,3355,3357,3359,3361],{"Text":1147,"_uid":3354,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"821926aa-faec-4f53-b7a3-6934cf613707",{"Text":1049,"_uid":3356,"Color":1051,"component":1052,"textColor":1053,"rangeScore":353},"e254dd51-2978-4030-9302-2a456dedccf5",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3358,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"4e18761e-b9c5-49b3-bc4c-8503777d56d0",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3360,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"3adb11e7-176f-4580-b510-be2782c29178",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3362,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8dc4334a-e15f-4e19-8288-7246efb4be1d","Only in very rare cases and at extremely low levels are potential side effects discussed, such as in relation to hormonal balance, lipid metabolism disorders, or malnutrition. However, scientific research has so far not identified any significant disadvantages—only benefits—from even lower LDL levels.","An elevated LDL level indicates an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It is not only the absolute level that is decisive, but above all the interaction with other individual factors such as blood pressure, blood sugar, inflammation parameters, visceral fat or a family history.\n\nA reduction in LDL can be achieved in part through targeted lifestyle measures: a Mediterranean, high-fibre diet, regular exercise, reduction of visceral fat. If the targets are not achieved in this way or if there is already a high risk, lowering with medication is recommended.\nAny reduction brings demonstrable benefits - the earlier, the lower, the better.",{"id":3366,"_uid":3367,"name":3368,"effects":3369,"category":1139,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3370,"description":3371,"faqs_shared":3372,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3373,"relativeOrder":3374,"subBiomarkers":3375,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3376,"linearSubrangeNames":3377,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3384,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3385,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":12,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":12},"CHOL","7b14da3f-db43-437f-a5c1-25bd517afff9","Total Cholesterol",[],[1139],"Total cholesterol indicates the overall amount of all types of cholesterol in the blood, but on its own, it doesn't have much diagnostic value. It is found in nearly all body cells and is needed for the production of hormones and vitamins.",[],[],"7",[],"Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that is vital for the body. Among other things, it is required for the construction of cell walls, the formation of hormones and the production of bile acids. Some cholesterol is absorbed through food, but most of it is produced in the liver itself. However, if too much is present, it can have a significant impact on the projected health risk. Total cholesterol comprises various subgroups - in particular LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (also known as the \"bad cholesterol\") and HDL cholesterol (the \"good cholesterol\"). However, lipoprotein (a) and indirectly the triglycerides are also included here. The total cholesterol value serves as an initial overview in the lipid profile, but the ratio of the subgroups and the individual risk situation are decisive for the overall risk..",[3378,3380,3382],{"Text":1055,"_uid":3379,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"c4da1396-7e39-471d-bc83-500e5ec89171",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3381,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"48257d37-071f-4f7d-88fe-6ada4f7740a2",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3383,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"01bda33c-4f12-4c5f-819e-468df1b3d093","A very low total cholesterol value is rare and usually has no pathological value, provided there is no underlying malnutrition, liver disease or chronic inflammation.","An elevated total cholesterol level can indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease - especially if LDL cholesterol and/or apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) are high and HDL is low at the same time. The causes can be a genetic predisposition, an unfavourable diet, lack of exercise or certain diseases such as diabetes or hypothyroidism. However, the level of total cholesterol alone does not determine the need for treatment. It is much more important to categorise it in the overall context of other known risk factors.",{"id":3387,"_uid":3388,"name":3389,"effects":3390,"category":3391,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3392,"description":3394,"faqs_shared":3395,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3396,"subBiomarkers":3397,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3398,"linearSubrangeNames":3399,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14},"MNS_SW","e1f311c7-e1fb-4eb3-9c19-4eb8cce9adca","Manganese",[],"58797945-bc57-435a-861f-64c15af34511",[3393],"d064d2f8-32d7-4c98-9bc0-fb003f3d3772","Manganese is a trace element important for energy metabolism, bone and connective tissue metabolism, and the immune system — measuring it in whole blood reflects its content throughout the entire blood system.",[],[],[],"Manganese is an essential trace element involved in numerous enzymes—especially in processes such as cellular respiration, antioxidant defense, and the formation of bones, cartilage, and connective tissue. The body requires only very small amounts but cannot produce manganese itself. Foods like whole grains, nuts, legumes, and green leafy vegetables provide significant amounts of manganese. Measuring manganese in whole blood captures both the cellular-bound and freely available manganese, allowing a meaningful assessment of overall status. Manganese deficiency is rare but can occur with chronic malnutrition or absorption disorders.\n",[3400,3402,3404],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3401,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"8ed29665-4bd2-4cf1-a31e-57865097e23b",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3403,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"70c49023-3013-43f8-a807-ddad467d15c9",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3405,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"98749316-f830-4dcc-bca3-373457f41aea",{"id":3407,"_uid":3388,"name":3389,"effects":3408,"category":3391,"infoText":3409,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3410,"description":3394,"faqs_shared":3411,"predecessor":3412,"riskFactors":3413,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3414,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3398,"linearSubrangeNames":3415,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3423,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3424,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"MNS",[],"The method to calculate Manganese results was changed on 16.11.2023. Former results are not displayed in the history graph.\n\n[See past result](/en/ch/biomarkers/manganese-sw)\n",[3393],[],"f9d35678-8a12-4a48-b0bb-1b5575bed431",[],[],[3416,3417,3419,3420,3422],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3401,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":3418,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ddbfe936-5292-487d-b64a-8b7f242c16b9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3403,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":3421,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"ed6b285c-d9a5-477f-9cbc-8c7273f9c487",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3405,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"A low manganese value can indicate an insufficient intake or impaired absorption. However, other supplements such as iron, calcium or zinc can also compete with manganese intake. It is therefore best to evaluate the dosage of your existing supplements.","An elevated manganese level can result from excessive intake (e.g., through supplements) or impaired excretion (e.g., due to liver disease). Mild increases are usually not a cause for concern.",{"id":3426,"_uid":3427,"name":3428,"effects":3429,"category":3391,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3430,"description":3431,"faqs_shared":3432,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3433,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3434,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3435,"linearSubrangeNames":3436,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3447,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3448,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"CU","67b33658-8702-4862-a816-2bc7f93e4b18","Copper",[],[3393],"Copper is an essential trace element that plays an important role in the immune system, blood formation, connective tissue, and energy production.",[],[],[],"Copper is absorbed through food and is required in the body for numerous enzymes. It is involved in the formation of red blood cells, antioxidant processes, and the function of nerves, the heart, and the immune system.\n\nUnlike serum measurements, Copper in whole blood reflects not only free circulating Copper but also the copper within blood cells. This makes the value a better indicator of overall availability and suitable for assessing long-term Copper status.\n\nCopper is important for many enzymes and biological processes, including blood formation, the immune system, cellular respiration, and antioxidant protection. Changes in whole blood Copper levels can indicate Copper deficiency, excess, or disorders in Copper metabolism.\n",[3437,3439,3441,3443,3445],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3438,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"18abc961-36e9-49d5-a804-401d4ecaaf96",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3440,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8218f1f8-ebca-449e-9e89-20d4dcd91c16",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3442,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"04176180-f9f9-4208-8fb0-56fa3c96656a",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3444,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"b86eec06-d34f-4121-8a13-8084e8b59a8b",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3446,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"e7b365ce-77d9-46c5-bd6c-0e25174c23f4","A low copper level can indicate chronically insufficient intake, absorption disorders, or malnutrition. Possible consequences include a weakened immune system or neurological abnormalities.","An elevated copper level may indicate an overload from supplements, certain liver diseases, or rare storage disorders such as Wilson’s disease.",{"id":3450,"_uid":3451,"name":3452,"effects":3453,"category":3391,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3454,"description":3455,"faqs_shared":3456,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3457,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3458,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3459,"linearSubrangeNames":3460,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3471,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3472,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"SEL","213bb014-ee52-47f0-8fc9-a500a9b8515f","Selenium",[],[3393],"Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant and immune-boosting properties – our whole blood measurement reflects long-term levels throughout the entire body.",[],[],[],"Selenium is an important component of many enzymes and protective systems that help protect cells from oxidative stress, support the immune system, the thyroid, and detoxification processes. It acts primarily through so-called selenoproteins, which are involved in functions like the conversion of thyroid hormones and cellular protection. Whole blood measurement includes selenium in red blood cells and plasma, providing a more reliable reflection of medium-term selenium status than a serum or plasma test alone.\n",[3461,3463,3465,3467,3469],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3462,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"2ce41674-6030-446c-a412-98b4ec825578",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3464,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"4c4fc27c-2b3a-479d-9427-1297842316e9",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3466,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"6d8e5cf8-2519-4fb9-807f-800d253879d2",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3468,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"8e823979-108e-4d3a-9e61-51c65558f08b",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3470,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"61edba15-766f-4e13-9ca4-3afe7fe13f18","A low selenium level in whole blood can result from a selenium-poor diet, chronic inflammation, intestinal diseases, or poor absorption. Possible consequences include weakened immune function, fatigue, thyroid disorders, hair loss, or reduced antioxidant capacity.","An elevated selenium level usually results from excessive intake through supplements. Very high concentrations can cause symptoms such as a metallic taste, brittle nails, skin changes, or, in extreme cases, neurological issues. Controlled intake is therefore important.",{"id":3474,"_uid":3475,"name":3476,"effects":3477,"category":3391,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3478,"description":3479,"faqs_shared":3480,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3481,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3482,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3483,"linearSubrangeNames":3484,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3495,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3496,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ZN_EC","1898347d-c6f0-4866-84c4-17a2dbfebdde","Zinc",[],[3393],"Zinc is a trace element that is involved in many processes in the human body, for example in cell division, wound healing and immune defence.",[],[],[],"Zinc is an essential trace element that is involved in hundreds of metabolic processes - including immune defence, wound healing, cell division, skin regeneration and hormone regulation. The majority of zinc is found intracellularly, which is why measuring it in whole blood (as we do) provides a more accurate indication of the actual zinc supply. Zinc status can be affected by diet, competing supplements, stress, infections, chronic illnesses and intestinal disorders.",[3485,3487,3489,3491,3493],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3486,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"4c3d1eb0-a3e1-403e-91b5-c0af3e896660",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3488,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"3ce0d29b-4a15-4c78-896c-2f7bac22bdfc",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3490,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},"7f693f9f-4054-48d7-b834-17ac78875d23",{"Text":1147,"_uid":3492,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"647112c2-de4a-4abf-9a69-92817d8ee887",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3494,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},"421d5c93-9c6d-4048-b05c-8477fa896a34","A low zinc level can be caused by insufficient intake and competing supplementation with iron, calcium and copper. If levels are repeatedly low, impaired absorption (e.g. intestinal diseases) or increased consumption (e.g. infections or chronic stress) can be suspected. Possible consequences are susceptibility to infections, delayed wound healing, skin problems or hair loss. In such a case, you can reconsider and adjust your current supplementation and also try to take in more zinc through your diet (sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, linseed, meat, cheese).","Elevated zinc levels are rare and usually occur with excessive supplementation. Very high levels can impair the absorption of other trace elements (such as copper) and lead to imbalances in the long term. As a rule, a moderate intake is well tolerated - if the levels are very high, the intake should be reviewed.",{"id":3498,"_uid":3475,"name":3476,"effects":3499,"category":3391,"infoText":109,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3500,"description":3479,"faqs_shared":3501,"predecessor":109,"riskFactors":3502,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3503,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3483,"linearSubrangeNames":3504,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3495,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3496,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ZN_SW",[],[3393],[],[],[],[3505,3506,3507],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3486,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1055,"_uid":3490,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1156,"_uid":3494,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"id":3509,"_uid":3475,"name":3476,"effects":3510,"category":3391,"infoText":3511,"component":1039,"shortName":109,"treatment":109,"categories":3512,"description":3479,"faqs_shared":3513,"predecessor":3514,"riskFactors":3515,"relativeOrder":109,"subBiomarkers":3516,"disclaimerText":109,"longDescription":3517,"linearSubrangeNames":3518,"whatDoesLowValueMean":3495,"whatDoesHighValueMean":3496,"whatDoesNormalValueMean":109,"whatDoesOptimalValueMean":109,"isBiomarkerForBloodCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForFullBodyCheckup":14,"isBiomarkerForEssentialCheckup":14},"ZN",[],"The Zinc measurement method was changed on 16.11.2023. Previous results are not shown in this graph.\n\n[See past result](/en/ch/biomarkers/zinc-sw)",[3393],[],"43c58dd9-5ea7-4041-af61-7a58474bb339",[],[],"Zinc is an essential trace element that is involved in hundreds of metabolic processes - including immune defence, wound healing, cell division, skin regeneration and hormone regulation. The majority of zinc is found intracellularly, which is why measuring it in whole blood (as we do) provides a more accurate indication of the actual zinc supply. Zinc status can be affected by diet, competing supplements, stress, infections, chronic illnesses and intestinal disorders.\n",[3519,3520,3522,3523,3525],{"Text":1156,"_uid":3486,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},{"Text":1147,"_uid":3521,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"be648cc4-af57-4c52-8d0b-b2165d8daa55",{"Text":1055,"_uid":3490,"Color":1057,"component":1052,"textColor":1058,"rangeScore":354},{"Text":1147,"_uid":3524,"Color":1062,"component":1052,"textColor":1063,"rangeScore":1064},"80534eca-feaf-4df3-9265-242ccabbf55c",{"Text":1156,"_uid":3494,"Color":1068,"component":1052,"textColor":1069,"rangeScore":1070},1779357810433]